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1四级考前最新命制试卷三PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledOntheTideofImmigrationfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.1.近年来越来越多的人移民国外2.出现这一现象的原因3.我对这一现象的看法和建议OntheTideofImmigration________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)and2D).Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.TheOverworked,NetworkedFamilyBringupwork-and-familybalanceataneighbor’sbarbecue,andtheconversationimmediatelyturnstowardtalesofrushingoutofmeetingsatbreakneck(飞快的)speedtoshuttlethekidstosoccerpracticeorstrugglingtotearourselvesawayforadecentvacation.Complaintsabouttimepressurearesocommonthattheyhavebecomeacommonculturalvocabulary.Everybody,itseems,isstressedoutabouttime,andachieving“balance”hasbecometheHolyGrail(圣杯)ofmiddle-classfamilylife.Butmaybebalanceisthewrongimage.Instead,thinktransformation.JustasbusinessesareshiftingfromIndustrialAgetonetworks,so,too,istheAmericanfamilyundergoingaparallelsocialrevolution.Parentsandchildrenarenolongeronthesameschedule—unlikethewaythingswereagenerationago.Withmanyeducatedmothersandfathersworkinglongerhours,theyarelinkedtotheirkidsbyawebofcellphonesande-mails.Atthesametime,kidsaretakingtheinitiativetopursuemoreactivitiesandareusinginformationtechnologiestonurturetheirownelectronicnetworksofrelationships,fromfriendsatschooltocousinsindistantcities.Thenetworkedeconomyisleadingtofardifferentstandardsandexpectationsofwhatitmeanstobeaparentandachild.It’snotsimpleenoughfortheyoungtogetaneducation.Instead,thegoalistoraisechildrentobecreativeandadaptable,ablebothtocompetesuccessfullyandtocollaboratewiththeirpeersfromallovertheworld.“Wehaveaneconomywhosefunctioningdependsforthefirsttimeontheenhancementofhumancapability,”saysRichardFlorida,professorofpublicpolicyatGeorgeMasonUniversityinFairfax,Va.Howcanthetypicaloverworkedwhite-collarAmerican—bombarded(轰炸)bye-mails,troubledwithlate-nightmeetings,andconfrontedwithunexpectedbusinesstrips—atthesametimemanageathighspeedandcopewiththenewchallengesathome?Gradually,anewbodyofsharedrules-of-thumb(经验做法)isemerging,passedalongatplaygroundsandinoffices.Amongthem:transformtechnologyfromanoppressorintoaliberator.Othershavemasteredtheartofinterweavingworkobligationsandhomelifeinawaythatwasnotpossiblebefore,answeringane-mailfromworkoneminuteandhelpingwithhomeworkthenext.Andtheyoungermembersofthefamily—alreadyfarmoresophisticatedatmultitaskingandnetworkingthantheirparents—aregettingachancetoseewhatapproachesworkandwhatfallsflat.Historically,theorganizationofthefamilyhasmirrored,tosomedegree,theorganizationoftheworkplace.Taketheclassicmiddle-classfamilyofthe1950sand‘60s,the“GoldenAge”economyofstrongproductivitygrowthandabundantgainsinrealwages.Withasecurecorporatejob,Dadcouldaffordtoworknotmuchmorethan40hoursaweekandMomcouldstayathometoraisethechildren.Thefamilyofthateradidmanythingstogether.Theclassicexampleiseatingdinnereveryeveningatthekitchentable.ThekidsalsofollowedtheirparentswhenMomandDadvisitedfriends.Inessence,afamilyactedlikeasingleunit,withahierarchy(等级制度)thatmirroredthetop-downmanagementoffactoriesorlargeindustrialorganizationsoftheday.Fast-forwardtothe2000s.Today,bothMomandDadaremorelikelytohavecareers.Thecombinedworkweekofahusbandandwifeintheirprimeworkingyearswithchildrenis68hours,upfrom59hoursin1979,accordingtocalculationsbytheEconomicPolicyInstitute