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虚拟语气SubjunctiveMoodGRAMMAR语法英语组吴荔华一.语气的分类英语动词一般可带三种不同的语气:陈述语气,祈使语气和虚拟语气.不同的语气用动词的不同形式来表示。1.陈述语气(TheindicativeMood)用来陈述一个事实,或提出一种看法,有肯定，否定，疑问或感叹等形式。Iamnotinterestedinwhatyousaid.HaveyoueverbeentoFrance?Whatasplendidpalace!2.祈使语气(TheImperativeMood)用来表示请求，邀请，命令，警告或劝告等.Let’shaveatalk.Don’tjumpinthequeue.3.虚拟语气(TheSubjunctiveMood)一是表示说话人所说的话不是事实,而是一种假设,愿望,怀疑或推测(在条件从句中或让步状语从句中)；一是表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等(在宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)。IfIwereabird,Iwouldflyhigh.Ourteachersuggestedthatwegotolabthisafternoon.SubjunctiveMood虚拟语气虚拟语气在‘if’条件句中的用法（分四点）虚拟语气在名词性从句中的用法（分四点）虚拟语气其他的用法（分四点）虚拟语气在if条件句中一、在条件句(叫虚拟条件句)中，表示与事实相反的条件。分三种情况(以do为例)：表示与事实情况相反条件从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式1.表示现在情况过去式(did)(be常用were)would/could/might/should+do2.表示过去情况过去完成式(had+done)4个情态动词+havedone3.表示将来情况①过去式(did)②should+do③weretodo4个情态动词+do1）表示与现在事实相反条件从句主句一般过去时（be多用于were)would/should/could/might＋动词原形eg.IfIhadtime,Iwouldgothere.如果我有空，我就去那儿。Whatwouldyoudoifyouwonthelottery?IfIwonthelottery,Iwould…IfIhadalotofmoneynow,Iwouldtravelaroundtheworld.IfIwonthelottery,Iwouldbuyanexpensivecar.IfIhadalotofmoneyIwouldbuyavilla.a.Ifthey____(be)here,they__________(take)youradvice.b.Iftheworld-war_____(burst)outagain,what_____________(happen)toourpeopleonearth?werewouldtakeburstwouldhappenPRACTICE1:Fillintheblanks.c.Ifthepoliceman________(benot)inthatroom,it________(be)verydangerous.d.IfI____(be)inyourposition,I_________(ask)fortheteacher’shelp.werenotcouldbewerewouldask2）与过去事实相反条件从句主句过去完成时would/should/could/might＋havedoneeg.Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youcouldn´thavemissedthebus.如果你早点来，你就不会错过那辆公共汽车了。Ifhe__________morecarefully,he_________________thecaraccidentyesterday.haddrivenwouldnothavehadIfI________howtoswim,I__________________trappedinthisisland.hadlearntwouldnothavebeena.IfTom________(be)morecarefulintheexam,he________________(pass)italready.b.Ifyou_______(get)upearlier,you________________(catch)thefirsttrain.hadbeenwouldhavepassedhadgotwouldhavecaughtPRACTICE2:Fillintheblanks.c.IfI_______(meet)youyesterday,we______________(go)totheconcerttogether.hadmetwouldhavegone3）与将来事实可能相反条件从句主句一般过去时（be多用were）should+dowereto+dowould/should/could/might＋动词原形eg.Ifheweretocome,whatshouldwesaytohim?假如他来了,我们对他说什么呢？Ifhegotupearly,hewouldbeontime.假如他来了,我们对他说什么呢？Ifheweretocome,whatshouldwesaytohim.假如他看见我,就会认识我。Ifheshouldseeme,hewouldknowme.a.Ifthere________(be)nonaturalresourceanymore,we___________(make)useofnuclearpower.b.What____________(happen)ifyou____________(getup)toolatetomorrow?shouldbeshouldmakewouldhappenshouldgetupPRACTICE3:Fillintheblanksc.IfRobots_____________(control)theworldsomeday,here________(be)nofriendship.weretocontrolwouldbe条件从句If从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式现在过去时(were)would/could/should/might+V.(原)Review:虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法。条件从句If从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式过去过去完成时would/could/should/might+have+p.p.条件从句If从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式未来1.过去时2.should+V.3.weretodowould/could/should/might+V.(原)[例句]1.Ifyouhadcomeafewminutesearlier,youwouldhavemethim.要是你早来几分钟的话，你就能见到他了。2.Ifitweresunnytomorrow,Iwouldcometoseeyou.明天要是天气好的话，我来看你。3.IfIwereyou,Iwouldgoatonce.假如我是你的话，我会马上走。二、混合条件句:主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间,这时主从句位于动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同。例句中从句与过去事实相反,主句与现在事实相反Ifyouhadaskedhimyesterday,youwouldknowwhattodonow.Ifthestaffhadbeenmorecareful,themallwouldnotbeonfirenow.也称错综时间的条件句1.Iftheyhadstudiedhard,theycoulddoiteasilynow.如果他们以前努力学习的话，现在干的就会容易些。2.Ifhehadnottakenmyadvice,hewouldn'tdoitmuchbetterlikethis.如果他不听取我的建议，他就不会干得这样好。三、if的省略如果条件句中有were,had,should等助动词，可将if省略，而把were,had或should置于句首,来表达以if引导的条件句的相同意思。eg.•Shoulditrain/wereittoraintomorrow,themeetingwouldbeputoff.•Hadheseenyouyesterday,hewouldhavereturnedyourbook.四、含蓄条件句即用butfor(要不是),without,otherwise(否则),inthatcase(如果是那样的话),表示含蓄的条件,这时主句要用虚拟语气eg.•Without/Butforhishelp,wewouldn’thavemadesuchgreatprogress.•＝Iftherehadn’tbeen/wehadn’tgothishelp,wewouldn’thavemadesuchgreatprogress.Practice:I.Fillintheblankswithproperforms:1.He_________(tell)youifhe______(know),I’msure.2.IfI____(have)moretime,I___________(learn)anotherforeignlanguage.3.Ifhe______(be)here,he__________(show)ushowtoperformtheexperiment.4.IfI______(be)you,I_________(pay)moreattentiontoEnglishidioms.5.I___________(help)youifI______(can).6.IfI____________(receive)youre-mail,I____________________(answer)itlongago.wouldtellknewhadwouldlearnwerewerecouldwouldshowwouldpaywouldhelphadreceivedwouldhaveanswered7.Ifyou___________(start)theworkearlier,you___________________(finish)itbynow.8.Ifwe__________(notrely)onourownstreng-thwe________________(die)ofstarvation.9.IfI__________(know)youraddress,I____________________(write)toyouthen.10.IfI___________(notbe)busy,I____________(come)tohelp.11.Ifwe___________(start)outfiveminuteslater,we__________________(miss)thetrain.12.You_______________(meet)thefamousscientistifyou__________(come)yesterday.hadstartedwouldhavefinishedhadn’treliedwouldhavediedhadknownhadn’tbeenwouldhavemissedwouldwouldhavecomehadstartedhadcomewouldhavemethavewritten13.IfI__________(tell)him,he__________(be)greatlysurprised.14.IfI__________(do)it,I______probably_____(do)itinthesameway.15.Ifhe_______________(be)heretomorrow,you___________(ask)himaboutityourself.16.We