Civil-rights-movement

CivilrightsmovementTheAmericanCivilRightsMovement(1955–1968)referstothereformmovementsintheUnitedStatesaimedatabolishingracialdiscriminationagainstAfricanAmericansandrestoringsuffrageinSouthernstates.CauseCharacteristicsEffortsmadetochangeAchievementsAfterthedisputedelectionof1876andtheendofReconstruction,WhiteAmericansintheSouthresumedpoliticalcontroloftheregionunderaone-partysystemofDemocraticcontrol.Thevotingrightsofblackswereincreasinglysuppressed,racialsegregationimposed,andviolenceagainstAfricanAmericansmushroomed.Formorethan60years,theywerenotabletoelectonepersonintheSouthtorepresenttheirinterests.返回Characteristics:Racialsegregation.Bylaw,publicfacilitiesandgovernmentservicessuchaseducationweredividedintoseparateandunequalwhiteandcoloreddomains.Disenfranchisement.WhenWhiteAmericanDemocratsregainedpower,theypassedlawsthatmadevoterregistrationmorecomplicated.Blackvoterswereforcedoffthevotingrolls,andthenumberofAfrican-Americanselectedtoofficedecreased.Exploitation.Increasedeconomicoppressionofblacks,Latinos,andAsians,denialofeconomicopportunities,andwidespreademploymentdiscrimination.Violence.Individual,police,organizational,andmassracialviolenceagainstblacks返回Formsofcivildisobedienceincludedboycotts,beginningwiththesuccessfulMontgomeryBusBoycott(1955-1956)inAlabama;sit-inssuchastheinfluentialGreensborosit-in(1960)inNorthCarolina;andmarches,suchastheSelmatoMontgomerymarches(1965)inAlabama.返回NotedlegislativeachievementsduringthisphaseoftheCivilRightsMovementwerepassageofCivilRightsActof1964,thatbanneddiscriminationinemploymentpracticesandpublicaccommodations;theVotingRightsActof1965,thatrestoredandprotectedvotingrights;theImmigrationandNationalityServicesActof1965,thatdramaticallyopenedentrytotheU.S.toimmigrantsotherthantraditionalEuropeangroups;andtheCivilRightsActof1968,thatbanneddiscriminationinthesaleorrentalofhousing.MartinLutherKingMartinLutherKing,Jr.(aged39))January15,1929-April4,1968Placeofbirth:Atlanta,Georgia,UnitedStatesPlaceofdeath:Memphis,Tennessee,UnitedStatesMovement:African-AmericanCivilRightsMovementandPeacemovementMajororganizations:SouthernChristianLeadershipConference(SCLC)Majormonuments:MartinLutherKing,Jr.NationalMemorial(planned)Almamater(母校）:MorehouseCollegeCrozerTheologicalSeminaryBostonUniversityReligion:Baptist（amemberofabranchoftheChreistianchurch)Role:MartinLutherKing,Jr.(January15,1929–April4,1968)wasanAmericanclergyman,activistandprominentleaderintheAmericancivilrightsmovement.ABaptistminister,Kingbecameacivilrightsactivistearlyinhiscareer.Hiseffortsledtothe1963MarchonWashingtonforJobsandFreedom,whereKingdeliveredhis“IHaveaDream”speech.There,heraisedpublicconsciousnessofthecivilrightsmovementandestablishedhimselfasoneofthegreatestoratorsinU.S.history.In1964,KingbecametheyoungestpersontoreceivetheNobelPeacePrizeforhisworktoendracialsegregationandracialdiscriminationthroughcivildisobedienceandothernon-violentmeans.Bythetimeofhisdeathin1968,hehadrefocusedhiseffortsonendingpovertyandopposingtheVietnamWar,bothfromareligiousperspective.KingwasassassinatedonApril4,1968,inMemphis,Tennessee.