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12013-2014学年第1学期期末考试（A）卷课程名称《英语语言学概论》任课教师签名程建山出题教师签名程建山审题教师签名王婉华考试方式（闭）卷适用专业2011级英语专业考试时间（120）分钟题号IIIIIIIVV总分得分评卷人Ⅰ.Directions：Readeachofthefollowingstatementscarefully.Decidewhichoneofthefourchoicesbestcompletesthestatement.(2%×10=20%)1.WhichofthefollowingdoesNOTaccountforthefactthatmodernlinguisticsgivesprioritytothespokenformoflanguage?A.Speechprecedeswriting.B.Therearestillmanylanguagesthathaveonlythespokenform.C.Peoplewereencouragedtoimitatethe“bestauthors”forlanguageusage.D.Thespokenisusedforawiderrangeofpurposesthanthewritten.2.Intermsofmannerofarticulation,theEnglishconsonants［s］and［z］areclassifiedas______.A.liquidsB.affricatesC.stopsD.fricatives3.Whichofthefollowingwordshasfourmorphemes?A.Undoubtedly.B.Instrument.C.Astonishing.D.Thermometer.4.“-s”intheword“books”is_______.A.aderivativeaffixB.astemC.aninflectionalaffixD.aroot5.A______intheembeddedclausereferstotheintroductorywordthatintroducestheembeddedclause.A.coordinatorB.particleC.prepositionD.subordinator6.Accordingtothewaysynonymsdiffer,whichgroupofsynonymsdo“lift”and“elevator”illustrate?A.Dialectalsynonyms.B.Stylisticsynonyms.C.Collocationalsynonyms.D.Semanticallydifferentsynonyms.7._________dealswiththerelationshipbetweenthelinguisticelementandthenon-linguisticworldofexperience.A.ReferenceB.ConceptC.SemanticsD.Sense8.__________istheactperformedbyorresultingfromsayingsomething;itistheconsequenceof,orthechangebroughtaboutbytheutterance.A.AlocutionaryactB.AnillocutionaryactC.AperlocutionaryactD.Aperformativeact9.Inthefollowingdialoguebetweenastudentandateacher,whichmaximunderCPisviolatedwhentheconversationalimplicatureoccurs?2Student：NewYorkisinNewZealand,isn’tit,Mr.Smith?Teacher：AndRomeisinRomania,Isuppose.A.Quantity.B.Quality.C.Relation.D.Manner.10.______variationinaperson’sspeech,orwriting,usuallyrangesonacontinuumfromcasualorcolloquialtoformalorpoliteaccordingtothetypeofcommunicativesituation.A.RegionalB.SocialC.StylisticD.IdiolectalII.Directions：Fillintheblankineachofthefollowingstatementswithoneword,thefirstletterofwhichisalreadygivenasaclue.NotethatyouaretofillinONEwordonly,andyouarenotallowedtochangethelettergiven.(1%×10=10%)11.Languageisasystemofa_________vocalsymbolsusedforhumancommunication.12.Whenpitch,stressandsoundlengtharetiedtothesentenceratherthanthewordinisolation,theyarecollectivelyknownasi_________.13.Astemreferstotheexistingformtowhichaderivationalaffixcanbeadded,anditcanbeab______root,afreemorpheme,oraderivedformitself.14.Thephrasestructurerulescangenerateaninfinitenumberofsentences,andsentenceswithinfinitelengthduetotheirr______properties.15.Whentwowordsareidenticalinsound,butdifferentinspellingandmeaning,theyarecalledh__________.16.Inpredicationanalysis,ana______isalogicalparticipantinapredication,largelyidenticalwiththenominalelement(s)inasentence.17.Whiletraditionalsemanticsmainlystudiesmeaningsinisolation,pragmaticsfocusesonmeaningsinc______.18.Linguisticchangeoccursinallcomponentsofthegrammar,includingchangesinthesound,morphological,s______,lexical,andsemanticsystems.19.Alinguistict______referstoawordorexpressionthatisprohibitedbythe“polite”societyfromgeneraluse.20.Speechv_________referstoanydistinguishableformofspeechusedbyaspeakerorgroupofspeakers.Ⅲ.Directions：Judgewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsistrueorfalse.Writea“T”fortrueor“F”forfalseontheAnswerSheet.(2%×10=20%)21.AstudyofthefeaturesoftheEnglishusedinShakespeare’stimewouldbeadiachronicstudy.22.Phoneticsisdifferentfromphonologyinthatthelatterstudiesthecombinationsofthesoundstoconveymeaningincommunication.23.Iftwophoneticallysimilarsoundsoccurinthesameenvironmentsandtheydistinguishmeaning,theyaresaidtobeincomplementarydistribution.324.Prefixesusuallychangethepartofspeechoftheoriginalword,butdonotchangethemeaningofthestem.25.Therearerulesthatgovernwhichaffixcanbeaddedtowhattypeofstemtoformanewword.Therefore,wordsformedaccordingtothemorphologicalrulesareacceptablewords.26.AccordingtoChomsky,UniversalGrammarisasystemoflinguisticknowledgeandahumanspecies-specificgiftwhichexistsinthebrainofanormalhumanbeing.27.Onelinguisticsymbolcanhavedifferentreferenceswhilebearingthesamesense.Therearealsooccasions,thoughlessfrequent,whenlinguisticformswiththesamereferencemightdifferinsense.28.Contextualismisbasedonthepresumptionthatonecanderivemeaningfromorreducemeaningtoobservablecontexts.29.Whatessentiallydistinguishessemanticsandpragmaticsiswhetherinthestudyofmeaningthecontextofuseisconsidered.30.Themostdistinguishablelinguisticfeatureofaregionaldialectisitsgrammarandusesofvocabulary.Ⅳ.Directions：Explainthefollowingtermsandgiveexamplesforillustrationwhereappropriate.(3%×10=30%)31.culturaltransmission32.parole33.minimalpair34.suprasegmentalfeatures35.root36.immediateconstituentanalysis37.hyponymy38.utterancemeaning39.coinage40.pidginⅤ.Directions：Answerthefollowingquestions.(10%×2=20%)41.Pleasedefinecompetenceandperformancerespectivelyanddescribetheirdifferences.42.StatebrieflyCooperativePrincipleanditsfourmaximsandthenuseittoexplainthefollowingconversation:(1)A:Howdoyoulikemy