马克吐温生平

MarkTwain1835-1910EinsteinMarkTwainsimilararrBirthDate:Nov.30,1835Place:Florida,MissouriHowdidhispennamecamefrom?SamuelLanghorneClemens塞谬尔·朗赫恩·克莱门斯he'sfamilymovedtoHannibalMissouriin1839Family•Sixthchildinsevenchildren•Father:poorlawyer•Mother:diedwhenhewas4•Brother:Benjamin,diedthreeyearslater•Amonghisbrothersandsisters,onlytwosurvived.whenTwainwas11,(1847)hisfatherdiedofpneumonia（肺炎）.Heleftschoolat13andbecameafull-timeapprentice（学徒）toaprinter.andthenworkedinHannibalJournalwhichestablishbyhisbrother1858,hewas22,hecamebacktoMissouriandbecameariverpilothebecameaminerinthesilver-miningtownofVirginiaCityCareerasajournalistthebirthof“MarkTwain”“MarkTwain”whichmeans“watermarktwo”,wasacallusedbysailorsontheMississippitowarmshipmatesthattheywerecomingintoshallowwater.他的笔名马克•吐温就取自船工生活：mark是“测标”，twain为“两英寻（合12英尺）”，“测标两英寻”说明仍是安全水位。hebeganuse“MarkTwain”in1863Hismostproductiveyears＆hismarriageHisMarriageAt34yearsoldhemarriedOliviaLangdonClemens,daughterofaNewYorkcoalmagnate,amemberofthecountry’swealthyelite.FinancialdifficultiesandpersonalmisfortunesHeinvested（投资）largelyonhisownprintingshopandbecamebankrupt.Heavilyindebt,hemadealecturingtourabroadandsucceededinpayingallhisdebts,butruinedhisownhealth.Thecouple'smarriagelasted34years,untilOlivia'sdeathin1904.1910diedofaheartattack2010MarkTwain’sAutobiography