中医基础阴阳学说ppt课件

TheguidingideologyshouldbeguidedbyDengXiaoping'stheory,theimportantthoughtofthreerepresentsandthespiritofthe16thCPCNationalCongressandthethirdPlenarysessionofthe16thCPCCentralCommittee.中医基础理论知识--阴阳学说了解阴阳五行学说在中医学中的应用熟悉阴阳五行的基本概念掌握阴阳五行学说的基本内容阴阳的起源阴阳—是对自然界相互关联的事物和现象对立双方的属性的概括。要点：相关对立属性TheguidingideologyshouldbeguidedbyDengXiaoping'stheory,theimportantthoughtofthreerepresentsandthespiritofthe16thCPCNationalCongressandthethirdPlenarysessionofthe16thCPCCentralCommittee.阴阳的划分：阳—运动的、热的、在上的、向外的、明亮的、兴奋的、强壮的。阴—静止的、寒的、在下的、向内的、晦暗的、抑制的、虚弱的。TheguidingideologyshouldbeguidedbyDengXiaoping'stheory,theimportantthoughtofthreerepresentsandthespiritofthe16thCPCNationalCongressandthethirdPlenarysessionofthe16thCPCCentralCommittee.阴阳的特性1、普遍性2、阴阳的相对性：（如昼夜、上下午）无限可分性3、阴阳的相互转化性一定条件下互相转化指定事物不同时，阴阳属性随之改变TheguidingideologyshouldbeguidedbyDengXiaoping'stheory,theimportantthoughtofthreerepresentsandthespiritofthe16thCPCNationalCongressandthethirdPlenarysessionofthe16thCPCCentralCommittee.对立制约互根互用消长平衡相互转化二、阴阳的相互关系阴阳交感TheguidingideologyshouldbeguidedbyDengXiaoping'stheory,theimportantthoughtofthreerepresentsandthespiritofthe16thCPCNationalCongressandthethirdPlenarysessionofthe16thCPCCentralCommittee.TheguidingideologyshouldbeguidedbyDengXiaoping'stheory,theimportantthoughtofthreerepresentsandthespiritofthe16thCPCNationalCongressandthethirdPlenarysessionofthe16thCPCCentralCommittee.TheguidingideologyshouldbeguidedbyDengXiaoping'stheory,theimportantthoughtofthreerepresentsandthespiritofthe16thCPCNationalCongressandthethirdPlenarysessionofthe16thCPCCentralCommittee.（1）阴阳互根阴阳相互依存，任何一方都不能脱离另一方而单独存在。如上下（2）阴阳互用相互依存基础上相互滋生。如气血阴在内，阳之守也；阳在外，阴之使也。“孤阴不生，独阳不长”→阴阳离决，精气乃绝3、阴阳的互根互用TheguidingideologyshouldbeguidedbyDengXiaoping'stheory,theimportantthoughtofthreerepresentsandthespiritofthe16thCPCNationalCongressandthethirdPlenarysessionofthe16thCPCCentralCommittee.阴阳对立制约对立——属性相反（绝对的）制约——相互克制（相对的）阴阳互根互用互根——相互依存（绝对的）互用——相互促进（相对的）TheguidingideologyshouldbeguidedbyDengXiaoping'stheory,theimportantthoughtofthreerepresentsandthespiritofthe16thCPCNationalCongressandthethirdPlenarysessionofthe16thCPCCentralCommittee.4、阴阳的消长平衡•阴阳是在不断的消长运动中维持着相对的平衡状态。–消——减少、消耗–长——增多、增长–消长——制约——动态平衡–（1）阴阳的相互消长阴阳对立制约关系的彼此消长阳消阴长、阴消阳长（冬至春至夏）阴阳互根互用关系的彼此消长阴阳俱消、俱长（气血）（2）阴阳消长平衡：平衡→阴阳消长的运动变化处于一定范围、限度、时间内保持着动态平衡，总体相对稳定。上限下限正常异常TheguidingideologyshouldbeguidedbyDengXiaoping'stheory,theimportantthoughtofthreerepresentsandthespiritofthe16thCPCNationalCongressandthethirdPlenarysessionofthe16thCPCCentralCommittee.事物的阴阳属性在一定条件下可以向各自相反的方向转化。阴证阳证寒极生热热极生寒一定条件：重、极“重阴必阳，重阳必阴”5、阴阳的相互转化TheguidingideologyshouldbeguidedbyDengXiaoping'stheory,theimportantthoughtofthreerepresentsandthespiritofthe16thCPCNationalCongressandthethirdPlenarysessionofthe16thCPCCentralCommittee.（一）说明人体的组织结构阳阴部位：上下表里（脏腑）背胸气血津液：气血、津液脏腑：六腑五脏心阳心阴经络：行于四肢外侧的经脉—阳行于四肢内侧的经脉—阴三、阴阳学说在中医学中的应用TheguidingideologyshouldbeguidedbyDengXiaoping'stheory,theimportantthoughtofthreerepresentsandthespiritofthe16thCPCNationalCongressandthethirdPlenarysessionofthe16thCPCCentralCommittee.（二）说明人体的生理功能（阳）功能物质（阴）TheguidingideologyshouldbeguidedbyDengXiaoping'stheory,theimportantthoughtofthreerepresentsandthespiritofthe16thCPCNationalCongressandthethirdPlenarysessionofthe16thCPCCentralCommittee.（三）说明人体的病理变化•1、阴阳偏盛：属于阴或阳的任何一方高于正常水平的病理变化。阳盛则热，阳胜则阴病实热证急性肺炎正常阳偏盛阴偏盛TheguidingideologyshouldbeguidedbyDengXiaoping'stheory,theimportantthoughtofthreerepresentsandthespiritofthe16thCPCNationalCongressandthethirdPlenarysessionofthe16thCPCCentralCommittee.–阴盛则寒，阴胜则阳病–实寒证痛经正常阳偏盛阴偏盛TheguidingideologyshouldbeguidedbyDengXiaoping'stheory,theimportantthoughtofthreerepresentsandthespiritofthe16thCPCNationalCongressandthethirdPlenarysessionofthe16thCPCCentralCommittee.2、阴阳偏衰：•属于阴或阳的任何一方低于正常水平的病理变化。•阴/阳一方不能制约对方，使对方相对亢盛–虚热证肺结核甲亢–虚寒证夜尿频正常阴偏衰（虚热）阳偏衰（虚寒）TheguidingideologyshouldbeguidedbyDengXiaoping'stheory,theimportantthoughtofthreerepresentsandthespiritofthe16thCPCNationalCongressandthethirdPlenarysessionofthe16thCPCCentralCommittee.•3.阴阳互损，阴阳两虚：属于阴或阳的任何一方虚损到一定程度时导致另一方不足的病理变化。•阴虚阳虚阴阳两虚•阳虚阴虚正常阴阳两虚TheguidingideologyshouldbeguidedbyDengXiaoping'stheory,theimportantthoughtofthreerepresentsandthespiritofthe16thCPCNationalCongressandthethirdPlenarysessionofthe16thCPCCentralCommittee.（四）指导疾病诊断“善诊者，察色按脉，先别阴阳”TheguidingideologyshouldbeguidedbyDengXiaoping'stheory,theimportantthoughtofthreerepresentsandthespiritofthe16thCPCNationalCongressandthethirdPlenarysessionofthe16thCPCCentralCommittee.（五）用于疾病的防治•1、指导养生防病–春夏养阳，秋冬养阴•2、确定治疗原则–（1）阴阳偏盛——损其有余实则泻之：热者寒之、寒者热之–（2）阴阳偏衰——补其不足虚者补之：滋阴温阳阴阳两虚——阴阳双补TheguidingideologyshouldbeguidedbyDengXiaoping'stheory,theimportantthoughtofthreerepresentsandthespiritofthe16thCPCNationalCongressandthethirdPlenarysessionofthe16thCPCCentralCommittee.•阴病治阳——益火之源，以消阴翳•阳病治阴——壮水之主，以制阳光•阴中求阳•阳中求阴•张景岳：“善补阳者，必于阴中求阳，则阳得阴助而生化无穷；善补阴者，必于阳中求阴，则阴得阳升则泉源不竭。”TheguidingideologyshouldbeguidedbyDengXiaoping'stheory,theimportantthoughtofthreerepresentsandthespiritofthe16thCPCNationalCongressandthethirdPlenarysessionofthe16thCPCCentralCommittee.2、归纳药物性能TheguidingideologyshouldbeguidedbyDe