新外研版八年级上册Module-7-A-famous-story知识点总结1/6Module7Afamousstory知识点一、单词短语1.suddenly突然地突然他冲进雨中。1)派生词:suddenadj.突然的,意外的2)suddenly作为副词常用于句首或句末。2.fallv.落下;倒下Theboyfelloffhisbikeyesterday.昨天那个小男孩从自行车上摔下来了。常见搭配从……摔下来;falldown跌倒;fallover向前跌倒;fallinto掉进里;fallinlovewith...爱上……;fallasleep睡着3.outside在……的外面他看见窗外有人。1)反义词:inside在……的里面2)outside还可作形容词,意思是“外面的”,如knewlittleoftheoutsideworld对外面的世界所知甚少作副词,意思是“外面”,如:It’scoldoutside.外面很冷。4.across越过……Goacrossthebridge,andyou’过了那座桥,你就能看见那个村庄了。1)派生词:crossv.穿过,越过;crossingn.交叉口2)同义词辨析:across和through均有“越过”之意,across强调从事物的表面越过,而through强调从事物的内部穿过。如swimacrosstheriver/walkacrosstheroad;gothroughthewindow/gate/forest(森林5.during在……期间太阳在白天给我们阳光。同义词辨析:during指在一个连续的时间范围内或在某一事情的进程中;in后多接表示时代、时期、年代、月份、季节等的名词。6.queuen.队伍It’srude插队是不礼貌的。1)同义词:line队伍2)常见搭配:jumpthequeue插队,不按顺序排队等候;standinaqueue站成长队。新外研版八年级上册Module-7-A-famous-story知识点总结2/67.stopv.停止她叫住我问路。1)常见搭配:stopdoingsth.停止做某事;stoptodosth.停下来去做另外一件事。2)stop还可作名词,意思是“车站”,如:abusstop。8.runpast...跑过……Lindaranpastme,butshedidn’琳达从我身边跑过,但她没看见我。1)短语中的past是介词,“经过,超过”之意,如:halfpastnine九点半;类似短语还有walkpast.../gopast...走过2)past也可用作副词,如他走过去了。用作名词,“过去”之意,如’sforgetthepast.让我们忘掉过去吧用作形容词,“过去的”,如I’velearnedtwenty在过去的两年里,我学了20首英文歌曲。3)passv.通过,其过去式passed和past是同音词。LiLeipassedthefinishinglinefirst.二、重点句型1.It’saboutagirlcalledAlice.called是call的过去分词,意为“叫做;称为”,放名词之后作定语。DoyouknowthegirlcalledBetty?becalled…=benamed…“被叫做;被称为”,是指某物、某人或某地被叫做……。TheboyiscalledTony.2.OnedayAlicewassittingwithhersisterbytheriverandsawawhiterabbitwithawatch.with的用法:①“和;与”;常用来连接名词或代词,放句末。Hewillgohomewithhissister.但当连接两个并列主语时,注意谓语动词用单数还是复数形式由第一个主语决定。如:Hewithhissister________(be)goinghome.②“带着……”,如:MyEnglishteachercameintheclassroomwithanEnglishbookinherhand.③“用;被”,表示用某种工具做某事。如:Hewaskilledwithaknife.④“含有……的;附带有……”。如:Iwanttobuyahousewithabeautifulgarden.新外研版八年级上册Module-7-A-famous-story知识点总结3/6bytheriver在河边3.Alicefolloweditandfelldownaholeintheground.follow“跟随;追随”。常用短语:followsb.todosth.“跟着某人做某事”,如:Followmetoreadthenewwords.followsb.to+某地“跟随某人去某地”,如:Iwillfollowyoutotheschool.falldown跌倒,倒下。如:Acarhithimandhefelldown.falloff从……上掉下fallover向前跌倒;绊倒fallbehind落后,掉队fallasleep睡着4.AndtheCheshireCatwassittinginatreeandwassmilingateveryone.柴郡猫正坐在树上朝大家微笑。表达“在树上”可用介词in/on.表示树上自然生长的(果实、树叶等),用onthetree;表示其他东西落在树上或停留在树上的,用inthetree。如:Thereisabird_______thetree.Therearemanyoranges____theorangetree.smileat…对……微笑;laughat…嘲笑……5.ThenAlicearrivedattheMarchHare’shouse.“arriveat+小地方arrivein+大地方”,“到达某地”6.Onceortwiceshelookedintohersister’sbook.onceortwice的意思是“偶尔,一两次”。如:Ireadsomebooksinlibraryonceortwiceaweek.7.“Andwhatisabookfor,”thoughtAlice,“withoutpicturesorconversations?”“没有插图也没有对话的书有什么用?”爱丽丝想。What…for?表示“有什么用,为什么?”如:WhatdidTonygowithmefor?托尼为什么和我一起去?8.Sheneversawarabbitwithapocketorawatch,sosheranacrossthe她从未见过有口袋和手表的兔子,于是她跟着兔子跑过了田野。1)这是由so连接的并列句2)前半句是否定句,用or而不是用and连接apocket和awatch。【拓展】1)否定词除not外,还有no,never,hardly,nothing,nobody等2)so与because不能用在同一句子中。上句可以改成:Becausesheneversawarabbitwithapocketorawatch,新外研版八年级上册Module-7-A-famous-story知识点总结4/6sheranacrossthefieldafterit.9.Ididn’直到玛丽开始在我们学校上学,我才认识了她。【剖析】这是一个包含until引导的时间状语从句的复合句,not...until...句型表示“直到……才……”,主句动词常为非延续性动词。Hedidn’twenttobeduntilitwaseleveno’他直到十一点才上床睡觉。若主句动词是延续性动词,则只用until。他在书房读书,一直读到我去叫他。10.Sheheardtherabbitsay.hear(听见),see(看见),notice(注意),find(发现)等词称为感官动词,后接动词时,用动词原型或动词+ing。当述说整件事情时,用动词原型。如:Ioftenseetheboydraw.当强调动作正在发生时,用动词+ing。如:IsawtheboydrawingwhenIcamein.11.Thentherabbittookawatchoutofitspocketandlookatit.takeout“拿出;取出”;take…outof…“从……取出/拿出……”。如:Theboytookhisbookoutofhisschoolbag.12.Alicegotupandranacrossthefieldafterit.across“通过;穿过”,是形容词,必须跟动词连用:goacross;walkacross;而它的动词cross,不能再加动词,即:动词+across=cross。注意:across、cross是指从物体的表面通过,比如说过马路,过街道,过桥或过河等。如:Becarefulwhenyougoacrossthestreet/road.13.Itwastoodarktoseeanything.too…to…“太……而不能做……”,有否定之意。句型:“主语+be+too+形容词+to+动词原型”。如:Theboxistooheavytocarry.14.Suddenlyshelandedonsomedryleaves…landon“落到……上”如:Hiskitelandedontheplaygroundatlast.他的风筝最后落到了操场上。新外研版八年级上册Module-7-A-famous-story知识点总结5/6语法:过去进行时结构:S+was/were+doing…一、表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的动作。例:WewerehavinganEnglishclassat9:30yesterdaymorning.IwasreadingabookwhilemymotherwaswatchingTV.二、基本用法:1、过去进行时的基本用法主要表示过去某一时间正在进行的动作。Hefellasleepwhenhewasreading.他看书时睡着了。意义标志构成举例表示在过去某一时刻或一段时间正在进行的动作。atthistimeyesterday/at9:00lastnight/from7:00to10:00yesterdaymorning等肯定式was/were+v.-ingMyfatherwasreadinganewspaperthistimeyesterday.否定式was/were+not+v.-ingMyfatherwasn’treadinganewspaperthistimeyesterday.一般疑问式was/were提前Wasyourfatherreadinganewspaperthistimeyesterday?2、常用的时间状语:①过去某一具体时间,如:thismorning,thewholemorning,allday,yesterday,fromninetotenlastevening,atthattime,justnow,amomentago②由when/while引导的时间状语从句。常用句型:主句(主语+was/were+doing…when+一般过去时的句子);主句(主语+was/were+doing…while+主语+was/were+doing…)。注意:when和while的区别:都意为“当……时候”,when引导的句子谓语动词用短暂性动词或延续性动词都行;但while引导的句子谓语动词只能用延续性动词,不能用短暂性动词。如:IwasreadinganewspaperWhenhecamein.Mymotherwascookingwhilemyfatherwasreadingbooks.()1.—Whatwereyoudoingthistimeyesterday?—I__________onthegrassanddrawingapicture.A.sitB.satC.amsittingD.wassitting()2.—Wherewereyouat7:00lastn