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GrammarPart6限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句1.Thegirls________serveintheshoparetheowner’sdaughters．2.Thefriendwith_______IwastravellingspokeFrench．一、语法热身练习whomwho/that3.Jimistheboy_______hatisred.4.Hegavemeapen___________heboughtlastweek.5.Maryhasreadallthebooks_____Ilenther.6.Nobody_________watchedthematchwilleverforgetit．who/thatwhosewhich/thatthat归纳1：关系代词在定语从句中代替先行词作主语、宾语、表语或定语。关系代词指人时用_____,______或_____;指物时用_______或______。关系代词作定语,表示“……的”时,用________。7.October1stisthedate_______ChinacelebratesitsNationalDay.whenwhowhomthatwhichthatwhose8.Thisistheisland______Ilivedfortwoyears.9.2001—2005weretheyears_____Istudiedintheuniversity.10.Isitthereason_____youwerelate?whywherewhen归纳2：关系副词在定语从句中代替先行词作状语。关系副词作原因状语时用______；作地点状语时用______；作时间状语时,用______。whenWhywhere1.形式不同四、主要区别限制性定语从句与先行词之间不用逗号分开；而非限制性定语从句与先行词之间通常用逗号隔开。Mr.Blackisthemanwhorescuedmefromtheriver.布莱克先生就是把我从河里救上来的那个人。Mr.Black,whoisadoctor,rescuedmefromtheriver.布莱克把我从河里救了上来,他是位医生。2.作用不同限制性定语从句起修饰限定作用,如果去掉,就会造成句意不完整或概念不清;而非限制性定语从句起补充说明的作用,如果省略,句意仍然清楚、完整。IntheclasstherearetenstudentswhospeakEnglishverywell.这个班上有十名英语说得好的学生。(暗示班上不只是十个学生)Intheclasstherearetenstudents,whospeakEnglishverywell.这个班上有十名学生,他们英语说得很好。(非限制性定语从句,表明班上只有十个学生)3.先行词不同限制性定语从句的先行词通常是普通名词或代词;而非限制性定语从句的先行词还可以是专有名词或者前面整个句子。Mikesoldthehousewhich/thathisfamilyhadlivedinfor30years.迈克把他家住了30年的房子卖掉了。Mikesoldthehouse,whichmadehisfatherveryangry.迈克卖掉了房子,这件事使他父亲很生气。4.关系词不同⑴非限制性定语从句通常不能用that引导。⑵非限制性定语从句不能用why引导。要用forwhich代替why。⑶非限制性定语从句置于句首时,不能用which引导。关系代词as引导非限制性定语从句位置比较灵活,可以放主句前,也可以放主句后。(4)在限制性定语从句中,关系词作宾语时可以省略,而在非限制性定语从句中关系词一律不能省略。Ilikethebook,whichwasboughtyesterday.我喜欢这本书,这是昨天买的。Ilikethebookwhich/thatwasboughtyesterday.我喜欢昨天买的那本书。Ihadtoldthemthereason,forwhichIdidn’tattendthemeeting.我已经把理由告诉了他们,为此我没有去开会。IhadtoldthemthereasonwhyIdidn’tattendthemeeting.我告诉了他们我不去开会的理由。(限制性定语从句中“thereasonwhy...”是常见搭配)AsIexpected,hedidn’tbelieveme.正如我所预料的,他不相信我。Sheheardaterriblenoise,whichbroughtherheartintohermouth.她听到一个可怕的声音,这让她把心都提到嗓子眼了。5.译法不同在把限制性定语从句译成汉语时,通常在从句的末尾加“的”字,放在它所修饰名词的前边。而在把非限制性定语从句译成汉语时,一般译成一个单独的句子。Hewillwearnoclotheswhichwillmakehimdifferentfromothers.他不会穿一些使他显得与众不同的衣服。Hewillwearnoclothes,whichwillmakehimdifferentfromothers.他不穿衣服,这会使他显得与众不同。通常要用非限定性定语从句的情况：句型一：专有名词(人名、地名)+逗号+非限制性定语从句Beijing,whichisthecapitalofChina,hasalonghistory.(非限制性定语从句)比较：BeijingisacitythatI’vealwayswantedtovisit.(限制性定语从句)二、非限制性定语从句的主要句型句型二：独一无二事物+逗号+非限制性定语从句Themoon,whichis384,400kilometersfromtheearth,createsmanybeautifulstories.月亮，这个离地球384,400千米的星球，给人们带来了很多美好的故事。句型三：唯一亲属+逗号+非限制性定语从句Ihaveasister,whoworksinahospital.我有一位姐姐，她在医院工作(只有一位姐姐，用非限制性定语从句)比较：Ihaveasisterwhoworksinahospital.我有一位在医院工作的姐姐(不只一位姐姐，用限制性定语从句)句型四：整个主句的内容+逗号+非限制性定语从句当关系代词指代整个主句的内容时,用which（而不用that）引导非限制性定语从句。Hesaidthathehadneverseenherbefore,whichwasnottrue.句型五:当出现some/many/few/afew/little/much/most/twoofwhich/whom等结构时，常用非限制性定语从句Ihavethreeforeignteachers,twoofwhomarefromCanada.我有三个外籍老师，其中两个来自加拿大。三、概念对比限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语,如果去掉,主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从句和主句的关系十分密切，写时不用逗号分开。限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词常可省略。非限制性定语从句和主句关系不十分密切，只是对先行词作些附加的说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句和主句之间往往用逗号分开，一般不用that引导。非限制性定语从句中，关系词不可省略。二、选词填空用适当的关系词(that,which,whose,who,whom,where,as)填空。1.Todaymanyofthemliveinspecialareas______theycancontinuetheirwayoflife.2.Theytalkedforaboutanhourofthingsandpersons____theyknewinthevillage.wherethat3.That’sthenewmachine______partsaretoosmalltobeseen.4.We’llgotoseethefamoussingerabout______wehaveoftentalked.whosewhom5.Inthebaskettherearequitemanyapples,someof_____havegonebad.6.MartinLutherKing,Jr._____，wontheNobelPeacePrizein1964,wasanimportantpoliticalleaderintheUSA.whichwho7.Mary,______IplayedtenniswithonSundays,wasacolleagueofmine.8.Lookout!Don’tgettooclosetothehouse______roofisunderrepair.whomwhose9.___wehavestressedmanytimes,“Servethepeople”isourfirstpolicy.10.Anyway,thatevening,______I’lltellyoumoreaboutlater,IendedupstayingatRachel’splace.Aswhich11.They’vewontheirlastthreematches,_____Ifindabitsurprisingactually.12.TheywillflytoWashington,____theyplantostayfortwoorthreedays.wherewhich13.Jimpassedthedrivingtest,_____surprisedeverybodyintheoffice.14.Hersisterhasbecomealawyer，______shewantedtobe.15.NewYork,______Ivisitedlastyear,isaniceoldcity.whichwhichwhich2.北京是中国的首都,它是一座非常美丽的城市。Beijing,________________________,isaverybeautifulcity.二、完成句子whichisthecapitalofChina2.一个五岁的男孩会讲两门外语,令所有在场的人感到非常惊讶。Afive-year-oldboycouldspeaktwoforeignlanguages,_________________________________.whichsurprisedallthepeoplepresent3.毕业后,我决定留在重庆,在那里我曾度过了我的童年和四年大学生活。Aftergraduation,IdecidedtostayinChongqing,________________________andfouryearsofcollegelifewhereIspentmychildhood4.我喜欢这本书,它是昨天买的。______________________wasboughtyesterday.5.我喜欢昨天买的那本书。_____________________wasboughtyesterday.Ilikethebookwhich/thatIlikethebook,which三、句子改错下列每句均有一处错误,请指出来并加以改正。1.Somepre-schoolchildrengotoadaycarecenter,whichtheylearnsimplegamesandsongs.1.将which改为where2.Tompassedthedrivingtest,thatsurprisedeverybodyintheoffice.3.Icanrememberthedayswhenwespenttogether.2.将that改为which3.将when改为that/which4.Mr.Shang,thatcametoseemeyesterday,isanoldfriendofmyfather’s