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12011年Translation1.PutthefollowingpassageintoChinese(37.7points)Theinvestigationofcompetenceischallengingbecauseourknowledgeoflanguageisbothcomplexandlargelyunconscious.Fewpeoplecapableofunderstandingthissentencecouldgivealinguisticanalysisofit,sothequestionofhowsuchknowledgecanbestudiedpermitsofnoeasyanswers.Fortunately,althoughtheknowledgeitselfistacit,thefruitsofthatknowledgeareavailabletobothpublicinspectionandprivateintrospection:wecanobservetheperformanceofothersorofferourownintuitions.Theexampleofastrokevictimmakesusawareofthecomplexityandsubtletyofourlanguagefaculty,butnotallmismatchiedbetweenourknowledgeandexercisingofitaresodrastic,andevenelementaryoberservationcangiveusinsightintowhatexactlyitisweknowwhenweknowalanguage.Itisworthemphasizingthatrelianceonintuitionsisnotaretreatfromtheusualcanonsofscientificrigor:”intuitions”issimplyanotherwordfor“judgments,”withnomysticalorunscientificovertones.Thereisinfactnodifferencebetweenourlinguisticjudgmentsaboutsentencesofournative2languageandourvisualjudgmentsaboutillusions,whichpsychologiststrytodevisetheoriesofperceptionstoaccountfor.Likewise,itissimplyafactthatwejudgethesentence“theyareflyingplanes”asambiguousandlinguiststrytodevisetheoriesoflanguagetoexplainwhy.2.PutthefollowingpassageintoEnglish(37.5points)你听不到任何谈及信仰的话，谁会有那种激情呢？神学痛苦地坐在哲学的窗边，巴望着哲学的眷顾，向哲学大献殷勤。据说，理解黑格尔很困难，但理解亚伯拉罕却轻而易举；超越黑格尔是奇迹，但超越亚伯拉罕却是再简单不过的事。不过我绝对不相信信仰会变成如此下等的东西；恰恰相反，信仰是最高级的东西。我同时相信，哲学走得太远了。哲学是不诚实的，它不应该用自己的东西来代替信仰，并且蔑视信仰。哲学不能，也不应该为人们的信仰提供依据；它应该好好理解自己，明白自己能干些什么，而不是随随便便地把信仰说成虚构的东西，诱导人们把它放弃。哲学既不是忠实的妻子，又不是勤勉的姑娘，倒像是一个恶妇，遇见她时，我唯恐避之不及。信仰是这么美丽，这么令人向往，我满怀激情去追寻它，它却越飘越远，这又使我更加满怀剧情地去追寻它。Writing:1.Writeanessayofabout300wordsonthepresent3housingprobleminChina(37.5points)2.Islanguagesocialorbiological?Giveananswerofabout300wordstothequestion.(37.5points)2010年1.英译汉（37.5分）But,assoonas,withanincreasedppopulation,itbecamepossibleformentochoosewiveswhowerenottheirsisters,theywereboundbythelawoflovetodoso.Thus,oncetherewasnonecessityfortheoldarrangement,itceasedtohaveanymoralvalidity.Thereasonisthatthegrandchildrenofthefirstpaircouldnowchoosecousinsfortheirwives,and,iftheycontinuedtomarrysisters,thennotmerelytowbutthreerelationshipsoflovewhichouthttobedistributedwouldhavebeenconcentratedinasingleperson,indisregardforthedutyofeachtorespecttherightoflovetohaveitselfdiffused,sothatonelovemayhodtogetherasmanypersonsaspossible.For,inthiscase,onepersonwouldbeinrelationtohisownchildrentoabrotherandsisterbecomemanandwife-notonlyasfatherandfather-in-law;andthechildrenofabrotherandsisterwouldbeinrelationtooneanothernotonlyasbrothersandsisters,andhusbandsandwives,butalsoascousins.Now,insteadof4conventratingthreerelationshipsinasingleperson,therecouldhavebeenninerelationshipsoflovediffusedoverninepersons,sothatamancouldhavebeenlinkedinlovetoonepersonashissister,toanotherashiswife,toathirdashiscousin,toafourthashisfather,toafifthashisuncle,toasixthashisfather-in-law,toaseventhashismother,toaneighthashisaunt,andtoaninthashismother-in-law.Thus,theloveshichholdskindredtogether,insteadofbeingnarrowedtoafew,couldhaveopeneditsarmstoembraceagreaternumberofpeoplespreadoverafarwiderarea.2.汉译英（37.5分）一旦我们开始认真地把经济现象当做一个整体来考虑，并寻求整个社会的福利，我们就不得不考虑到无产阶级的利益。从这里出发，我们离宣称“人人平等”就只有一步之遥了。政治经济学这一概念，或以这个名字命名的科学的存在，严格地说，是一个彻底的革命纲领。一点也不奇怪，这一概念很模糊，因为革命纲领通常都是模糊的。的确，在彻底理解经济和社会发展前，有很多实践和理论问题需要解决。例如，如果我们把工人阶级看成低人一等的，或者如果我们不走那么远，把工人阶级看成一个尚未准备好享受社会生产成果的阶级，那么美我们就必须清楚地说明这一点，并从这一5点出发做进一步的推理。科学最不应该做的就是掩盖真相。就是说，在我们目前所讨论的问题，我们不应该说，工人阶级已经享受到了他们合理追求或期待的那一部分东西。我们也不应该毫无根据地乐观地相信，工人阶级的经济发展状况已经照顾到所有人的利益了。Writing1.Writeanessayofaround300wordonthequestionof“whatisbasictomarrige,loveormoney?”(37.5points)2.WhatmeasureshavebeentakenbytheChinesegovernmenttocreatejobopportunitiesinthepresenteconomiccrisis?Andmakecommentsononeortwoofthemeasures.(37.5points)2009年1.英译汉（35分）ThereisacapitalistprinciplewhichnobodywantstopayattentiontowhichsaysthatifIborrowmoneyfromyou,itismyresponsibilitytopayitbackanditisyourriskifIdon’tpayitback.Thatisthecapitalistprinciple.Butnobodyevenconceivesofthatposssibility.Supposeweweretofollowthat.TakeIndonesia,forexample.Rightnowitseconomyiscrushedbythefactthat6itsdebtissomethinglike140percentofitsGDP.Tracethatdebtback.Itturnsoutthattheborrowersweresomethinglikeahundredortwohundredpeoplearoundthemilitarydictatiorshipthatwesupported.Thelenderswereinternationalbanks.AlotofthatdebthasbeenbynowsocializedthroughtheIMF,whichmeanstaxpayersintheNorthwhofundtheIMFareresponsible.Whathappenedtothemoney?Theyenrichedthemselves.Thereisosmecapitalexportandsomedevelopment.Butthepeoplewhoborrowedthemoneyarenotheldresponsibleforit.ItisthepeopleofIndonesiawhohavetopayitoff.Andthatmeanslivingundercrushingausterityprograms,severepovertyandsuffering.Infactitisahopelesstasktopayoffthedebtthattheydidnotborrow.Whataboutthelenders?Thelendersareprotectedfromtherisk.ThatisoneofthemainfunctionsoftheIMF,toprovidefreeriskinsurancetopeoplewholendandinvestinriskloans.Theyearnhighyieldsbecausethereisalotofrisk,buttheydon’thavetotaketherisk,becauseitissocialize.Itistransferredinvar