How-to-manage-time

研究生英语写作期末作业姓名：贾倩文学号：15820923专业：艺术设计日期：2015.12.30HowtomanagetimeManypeoplearebusywithallkindsofthingsinlife,butbeingbusyactuallymeantheyhavedonealotmorethanothers?Somepeoplewouldspenddoublethetimecomparingtoothersbutstillfacingtroubletokeepup,Ithinkthereasonbehindthisisthatsomepeopledoesnotknowhowtomanagetimeandhavenoideawhattheyaredoing,thustheyarenotasproductiveasotherpeople.Speakingfrommyownexperience,Iusedtobedealingwithatremendousamountofthingsatonepointinmylife.Isometimeshadtostayupallnightorskipamealjusttofinishthemintime.HoweverwhenIthinkaboutthemlater,IrealizedthatIwouldhavebeenmoreefficientandproductiveifIdidthemintherightway.ThatwaswhenIfirstrealizedtheimportanceoftimemanagement.AlthoughIhavealwaysacknowledgetheimportanceoftimemanagement,itwasn’tuntilIreadthearticle“HarvardTimeManagementCourse”thatIactuallyfoundoutthereisasystematicwaytomanagetime.Thearticletellsusthatlosttimeisneverfoundagain.Thereforeweshouldfindthebestuseofeverysinglemoment.Baseonwhatthearticlehavesuggested,wecandivideourdailyactivityintofourcategories:1)importantandurgent,2)importantbutnoturgent,3)notimportantbuturgent,4)neitherimportantnorurgent.Usingthisclassificationsystem,weshouldfinishthingsintheorder1-3-2-4.Inaddition,weshouldalsodivideourtimeintodifferenttimeintervalsandfocusononeparticulartaskatatime.Accordingtoresearches,concentrateononesingletaskatatimecanbefivetimesmoreproductivethandoingmultipletasksatonce.Forexamplewhenstudyingforexams,wecanremembermorecontentswhenwefocusesononecourseatatime.Inthecaseoffriendsaroundme,theyarealwaysbusy,butitturnsoutwhattheyaredoingmaynotevenbemeaningful.Theyarejustwastingtheirtime.Itmayseemssimpletodistinguishwhatisimportantfromanoutsider’sview,butthingsarenotallthatsimplewhenwearetheoneactuallydoingit.Differentpeoplewouldreactdifferentlytothesamesituationbaseontheirpersonalexperienceandknowledge.Emotioncanalsopayabigrolesincepeoplecangetallemotionalincertainsituations.Thereforepeoplecannotgenerallyagreeonwhatisimportantandwhatisnot.Toovercomethisissue,thearticlegaveoutthefollowingexplanation:“Ifthetaskisbothimportantandurgent,itmeansthatyouwillexperiencebigimpactifyoudon’tfinishit.Urgentbutnotimportanttaskmeansthatalthoughthistaskrequiresyoutofinishitimmediately,butitdoesn’tmatterifyouhaddoneagoodjobfinishingit.Aslongasyoufinishedityouwillbefine,howeveryouwillstillbeeffectedifyoudon’tfinishitatall.Peoplecanusethisexplanationtomeasuretheirowntasksandmakedecisions.”Inaddition,thearticlealsoformulatedsomerulestorefertowhenmaketimemanagingdecisions:UnderstandtheConceptofTimeManagement:Timemanagementistheabilitytousepeople’scurrentknowledge,skill,andtoolstofinishworkmoreefficiently.It’saimisnottofinishthetaskitself,buttousetimeinamoreefficientandproductiveway.Asaresult,moreworkwouldbedoneinashortertime.Alsotimemanagementcanalsohelpyoutorealizewhatshouldbedoneandshouldnotbedone.1)SetUpGoalsThatCanbeAchievedbyTimeManagement:Youshouldhaveaclearideainyourmindofwhatyouwanttoachievecomingoutfromyourtimemanagementideas.Thepurposeoftimemanagementistofinishthetaskintheshortestpossibletime.2)DevelopTimeManagementPlan:Insteadofhavingareallybiggoal,youshouldhavemanysmallachievableplansoneafterone.Forexample,youcanhaveanannualgoal,andfromtheannualgoalyoucandevelopseasonalgoalsandmonthlygoals;evenweeklygoals.3)KnowWhat’sImportant:AfamousAmericanmanagementexpertsthinksthat“effectivetimemanagementismainlytorecordyouruseoftime,knowingwhereyourtimewasspent.Inthisway,youcanfindoutwhereyouwastedmostofyourtimeandcanreducenon-productiveactivitiestotheminimum.Butconcentratingyourfreetimetogether,itwouldbelongenoughforyoutofinishyourwork.4)ManageYourTimeReasonably:Efficienttimemanagementmeansthatyoushouldspendareasonableamountoftimeineverytask.Seizethe“GoldenTime”,everyonehastwotypesofgoldentimes,oneisinternalandtheotherisexternal.Internalgoldentimeisthebesttimetoconcentrateonyourtasks,andexternalgoldentimeisthebesttimetocommunicatewithothers.Ifyoucanusethesetwotypesofgoldentimesuccessfully,youwouldhaveabigadvantageoverothers.However,youshouldkeepinmindthatyouarenotsupposedtomakeyourscheduletoofull,accidentstohappentopeople.Ifyoumakeyourgoldentimetoofull,youmighthavetroublefinishingupcertainthings.Thereforehaveatleastanhouroffreetimeeveryday,justtomakesureyouhavesomefreetimetomovearound.5)DoNotProcrastinate:Nowadaysmanypeopleliketoputoffthingstilltomorrow.Howeverifthisbecomesahabityouarenevergoingtogetthingsdoneintime.6)TheApplicationofTimeManagement:Inthe19thcentury,ItalianeconomistcameupwiththeParetoPrinciple.Thecoreideaoftheprincipleisthat80%oftheresultcamefrom20%oftheactivitiesyoudid.Forexample,yourbigclientmightjustusedup20%ofyourworktime,buttheymaybecreating80%oftheprofit.Focusingonthe“20%”canmaximizeyourprofit.Usetherule”theprimarytasksareattheminority,andsecondarytasksareatthemajority”togetthemostimportanttaskdonefirst.7)OvercomeInternalandExternalcauseoftimewasting:Learntosay“no”tothingsthatwasteyourtimeandcreatesnovalue.Themostimportantwordtolearnintimemanagementistheword“no”.Doingfavoursforotherpe