环境工程专业英语试卷

1环境工程专业英语试卷pollution污染acidrain酸雨interactionofsystems系统的交互作用environmentalproblem环境问题environmentaldisturbance环境破坏biotichabitat生物环境sulfurdioxide二氧化硫nitrogenoxide氧化氮carbondioxide二氧化碳automobileexhaust汽车尾气infectiousdiseases有传染性的疾病waterbornediseases水传染的疾病agrariansociety农业社会industrialsociety工业社会industrialrevolution产业革命urbanization城市化industrialization工业化developedcountry发达国家developingcountry发展中国家undevelopedcountry落后国家primaryairpollutant一次大气污染物secondaryairpollutant二次大气污染物monoxide一氧化物dioxide二氧化物trioxide三氧化物carbonmonoxide一氧化碳carbondioxide二氧化碳sulfurdioxide二氧化硫sulfurtrioxide三氧化硫nitrousoxide一氧化二氮nitricoxide一氧化氮nitrogendioxide二氧化氮carbonoxides碳氮化物sulfuroxides硫氧化物nitrogenoxides氮氧化物hydrocarbons碳氢化合物photochemicaloxidants光化学氧化物particulates颗粒物inorganiccompound无机化合物organiccompound有机化合物radioactivesubstance放射性物质heat热noise噪声contaminant污染物strength强度foreignmatter杂质domesticsewage生活污水municipalwastewater城市废水microbe微生物microorganism微生物bacteria细菌totalsolids总固体inorganicconstituents无机要素suspendedsolids(SS)固体悬浮物volatilesuspendedsolids(VSS)挥发性悬浮固体颗粒organicmatter有机物质totalorganiccarbon,TOC总有机碳chemicaloxygendemand,COD化学需氧量biochemicaloxygendemand,BOD生化需氧量biodegradable可微生物分解的contamination污染recontamination再污染groundwater地下水surfacewater地表水restriction限制colloid胶体screening隔栅coagulation凝聚flocculation絮凝sedimentation沉淀filtration过滤disinfection消毒chlorination氯化消毒prechlorination预加氯ozonation臭氧消毒aeration曝气softening软化activatedcarbon活性炭adsorption吸附reverseosmosis反渗透desalination脱盐处理microbialdegradation微生物降解biologicaldegradation生化降解biofilmprocess生物膜法activatedsludgeprocess活性污泥法attached-growth吸着生长suspended-growth悬浮生长shockloading冲击负荷organicloading有机负荷mixedliquorsuspendedsolids混合液悬浮固体metabolize使代谢化metabolism新陈代谢dissolvedoxygen溶解氧pretreatmentprocess预处理工艺primaryclarifier初沉池equalizationbasin均质池biologicaltreatmentprocess生物处理工艺aerationbasin曝气池secondaryclarifier二沉池biomass生物质heterotrophicbacteria异养菌autotrophicbacteria自养菌hydraulicretentiontime(HRT)水力停留时间sludgeresidencetime(SRT)污泥停留时间solidwaste固体废物municipal城市化industrial工业的agricultural农业的hazardous危险的residential住宅的commercial商业的putrescible易腐烂的2combustible易燃的flammable可燃的explosive易爆的radioactive放射性的汽车尾气automobileexhaustLandfilling土地填埋incineration:焚烧composting:堆肥compaction:压实，紧凑sanitarylandfill卫生填埋balance剩下的，余额，结余batch-fed分批投料refuse垃圾municipalwaste城市垃圾perform:执行shutdown:关闭energyrecovery能量回收incompletecombustion不完全燃烧combustion燃烧volumereduction体积缩小anaerobic厌氧硝化中英互译短语Biologicaldegradation生化降解equalizationbasin调节池aerationbasin曝气池sludgeblocs污泥絮体settlingtank沉淀池dissolvedoxygen溶解氧suspended-growth悬浮生长pulverizedrefuse垃圾破碎biofilm生物膜well-compactedlandfill压实填埋场nutrientsource营养源mass-burning大量燃烧fluidizedfedincarceration硫化床燃烧法soilconditioners土壤改良剂温室效应greenhouseeffect由CO2引起的caustbyCO2世界碳预算theworldcarbonbudget天气自然波动naturalfluctuations全球变暖globalwarming厌氧的anaerobic腐烂Putrefied甲烷methane臭氧层ozonelayer气候模型climaticmodel正常浓度：normalconcentration严重污染物：heavilypolluted决定因素：determiningfactor光化学氧化物：photochemicaloxidants液体微滴：liquidparticulates含硫的：sulfur-containing放射性物质：radioactiuesubstance汽车尾气：automobileexhaustwetoxidation湿式氧化1、Environmentisthephysicalandbiotichabitatwhichsurroundsus;thatwhichwecansee,hear,touch,smell,andtaste.环境是我们周围的物理和生物环境，我们可以看到、听到、接触到、闻到和品尝到的。2、Pollutioncanbedefinedasanundesirablechangeinthephysical,chemical,orbiologicalcharacteristicsoftheair,water,orlandthatcanharmfullyaffectthehealth,survival,oractivitiesofhumansorotherlivingorganisms污染可以定义为大气、水或者土壤在物理、化学或者生物方面的特征所产生的不愉快的变化，它对人类的健康、生存和活动或者其他的有机体都产生了有害的影响。3、Twoexamplesofinteractionbetweensystemsthatcausemajorenvironmentaldisturbancesarepresented-thebuildupofatmosphericcarbondioxide,aglobalproblem,andtheacidrainproblem,normallyofregionalnature目前大气中二氧化碳的增多，是一个全球性的问题，还有酸雨问题，一般来说它都具有一定的区域特性，这就是两个关于系统之间的相互联系而产生重大环境问题的例子。4、Withtheseimprovements,however,havecomedisturbingsideeffects,suchaslostarableland,disappearingforests,environmentalpollution,andneworganismsresistanttocontrols.经过这些进步，尽管还是有一些破坏性的影响，例如耕地、森林的消失，环境的污染和新的生物反抗的控制5、Bothphenomena,urbanizationandindustrialization,wereandarefundamentalcausesofwaterandairpollutionwhichthecitiesofthattimewereunabletohandle.城市化和工业化两者的现象，是过去和现在水污染和大气污染的根本原因，在过去这些城市是处理不了的6、Rapidadvancesintechnologyforthetreatmentofwaterandthepartialtreatmentofwastewatertookplaceinthedevelopedcountriesoverthenextfewdecades.在接下来的几十年理发达国家，在水治理和部分废水治理技术方面都取得了快速的进展。1、WhatIsAirPollution?Airpollutionisnormallydefinedasairthatcontainsoneormorechemicalsinhighenoughconcentrationstoharmhumans,otheranimals,vegetationormaterials.Therearetwomajortypesofairpollutants.Aprimaryairpollutantisachemicaladdeddirectlytotheairthatoccursinaharmfulconcentration.Itcanbeanaturalaircomponent,suchascarbondioxide,thatrisesaboveitsnormalconcentration,orsomethingnotusuallyfoundintheair,suchasaleadcompoundemittedbycarsburningleadedgasoline.Asecondaryairpollutantisaharmfulchemicalformedintheatmospherethroughachemicalreactionamongaircomponents.Seriousairpollutionusuallyresultsoveracityorotherareathatisemittinghighlevelsofpollutantsduringaperiodofairstagnation.Thegeographiclocationofsomeheavilypopulatedcities,suchasLosAnge