定理假设(1))(xf在],[ba上连续;(2)函数)(tx在],[上是单值的且有连续导数;(3)当t在区间],[上变化时,)(tx的值在],[ba上变化,且a)(、b)(,则有dtttfdxxfba)()]([)(.一、换元公式证设)(xF是)(xf的一个原函数,),()()(aFbFdxxfba)],([)(tFtdtdxdxdFt)()()(txf),()]([ttf),()()()]([dtttf)(t是)()]([ttf的一个原函数.a)(、b)(,)()()]([)]([FF),()(aFbF)()()(aFbFdxxfba)()(.)()]([dtttf注意当时,换元公式仍成立.应用换元公式时应注意:(1)求出)()]([ttf的一个原函数)(t后,不必象计算不定积分那样再要把)(t变换成原变量x的函数,而只要把新变量t的上、下限分别代入)(t然后相减就行了.(2)用)(tx把变量x换成新变量t时,积分限也相应的改变.例1计算.sincos205xdxx解令,cosxt2x,0t0x,1t205sincosxdxx015dtt1066t.61,sinxdxdt例2计算解.sinsin053dxxxxxxf53sinsin)(23sincosxx053sinsindxxx023sincosdxxx2023sincosdxxx223sincosdxxx2023sinsinxdx223sinsinxdx2025sin52x225sin52x.54例3计算解.)ln1(ln43eexxxdx原式43)ln1(ln)(lneexxxd43)ln1(ln)(lneexxxd432)ln(1ln2eexxd43)lnarcsin(2eex.6例4计算解aadxxax022)0(.1令,sintaxax,2t0x,0t,costdtadx原式2022)sin1(sincosdttatata20cossincosdtttt20cossinsincos121dttttt20cossinln21221tt.4例5当)(xf在],[aa上连续,且有①)(xf为偶函数,则aaadxxfdxxf0)(2)(;②)(xf为奇函数,则aadxxf0)(.证,)()()(00aaaadxxfdxxfdxxf在0)(adxxf中令tx,0)(adxxf0)(adttf,)(0adttf①)(xf为偶函数,则),()(tftfaaaadxxfdxxfdxxf00)()()(;)(20adttf②)(xf为奇函数,则),()(tftfaaaadxxfdxxfdxxf00)()()(.0奇函数例6计算解.11cos21122dxxxxx原式1122112dxxx11211cosdxxxx偶函数1022114dxxx10222)1(1)11(4dxxxx102)11(4dxx102144dxx.4单位圆的面积例7若)(xf在]1,0[上连续,证明(1)2200)(cos)(sindxxfdxxf;(2)00)(sin2)(sindxxfdxxxf.由此计算02cos1sindxxxx.证(1)设tx2,dtdx0x,2t2x,0t20)(sindxxf022sindttf20)(cosdttf;)(cos20dxxf(2)设tx,dtdx0x,tx,0t0)(sindxxxf0)][sin()(dttft,)(sin)(0dttft0)(sindttf0)(sindtttf0)(sindxxf,)(sin0dxxxf.)(sin2)(sin00dxxfdxxxf02cos1sindxxxx02cos1sin2dxxx02)(coscos112xdx0)arctan(cos2x.42)44(20)(sindxxxf几个特殊积分、定积分的几个等式定积分的换元法dxxfba)(dtttf)()]([二、小结思考题指出求2221xxdx的解法中的错误,并写出正确的解法.解令,sectx,4332:t,sectantdttdx2221xxdxtdtttttansectansec14332dt4332.12思考题解答计算中第二步是错误的.txsec,43,32t,0tant.tantan12ttx正确解法是2221xxdxtxsectdtttttansectansec14332dt4332.12