初中定语从句总结用法大全

.;..定语从句走进中考定语从句的难点在于学生分析不清楚先行词，不能正确使用关系代词和关系副词，不能正确理解定语从句中的一些特殊用法。中考对于定语从句的掌握要求如下：1.掌握关系代词的用法，特别是that，which，who，whom，whose作主语、表语和定语的用法。2.掌握关系副词when，where，why引导定语从句的用法；3.掌握“介词+关系代词”的用法，尤其是介词的选取和使用；4.掌握关系代词that和which的用法的异同；5.掌握表示地点或时间的名词充当先行词时，关系代词和关系副词的选择问题。思维导图.;...;..1.定语从句的概念和位置在句子中起定语作用的从句成为定语从句。定语从句在句子的作用相当于形容词，故又称为形容词从句。（在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句）。e.g.:Doyouknowthegirlwhoissingingonthestage?Thisisthemuseumwhichwasbuiltlastyear.2.先行词和关系代词被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。引导定语从句的词叫关系词，指代先行词，放在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又充当定语从句的某一个成分（主语、宾语、表语、状语等）；e.g.:Themanwhohasanumbrellainhishandismyuncle.先行词关系代词（在从句中做主语）ThetrainwhichhasjustleftisforShenzhen.先行词关系代词（做主语）Let’sfindaplacewherewecanhaveapicnic.先行词关系副词（地点状语）定语从句的构成：Hehasacar.+Thecarhas7seats.==Hehasacarandithas7seats.==Hehasacarwhichhas7seats.Thehotelisveryclean.+Westayedhere.==Thehotelwherewestayedwasveryclean.Wemetaman.+Themandirectedustothefactory.=Wemetamanandhedirectedustothefactory.=Wemetamanwhodirectedustothefactory.关系代词=连接词+代词.;..3.关系代词引导的定语从句出题点：A指代人的关系代词充当主语、宾语、表语的用法；B指代物的关系代词充当主语、宾语、表语的用法。关系代词在句子中起连接、替代的作用，在句子中充当一定的成分，修饰前面的先行词。引导定语从句的关系代词that，which，who，whom，whose，主要用法如下表格：先行词主语宾语所有格人Who/thatWhom/thatWhose事物、动词Which/thatWhich/thatWhose人+动物人+事物thatthat关系代词与普通代词的区别：普通代词只起替代作用。关系代词替代先行词，在定语从句中充当一定的成分，同时把先行词与定语从句联系在一起，起连词的作用。i.That引导的定语从句That可以指人也可以指物，在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语。作宾语时可以省略。作介词宾语时，介词不可提到that之前，若介词提到前面，指物用which指人用whome.g.:Viewsthatareentirelynewmayalsobehardtoaccept.Weneedapersonthatisrightforthejob.Thepicture(that)wearestudyingwasdrawnbyafifteen-year-oldstudent.ii.Which引导的定语从句Which一般指物，在定语从句中作主语和宾语。作宾语的关系代词which可以省略（放介词后除外）：e.g.:Theriverwhichrunsthroughthecenterofthecitywaspollutedseriously.Thestory(which)hetoldwasverypopular.ThehouseinwhichIusedtolivehasbecomeashoeshop.iii.Who，whom引导的定语从句二者都用于指人。Who在定语从句中作主语、宾语；whom在定语从句中作宾语。作宾语的关系代词who，whom可以省略（介词后作宾语的关系代词除外）e.g.:---WeareproudofMoYan.---Yes.HeisagreatwriterwhowontheNobelPrizeinLiteraturein2012.e.g.:Hersistermarriedaman(who/whom)shemetonaplane.注意：先行词为one,ones,anyone或those时，定语从句中的关系代词用whoe.g.:Godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves.自助者天助之。.;..重点提醒:whom在定语从句中作介词的宾语，且介词提到whom前面时，不能用who代替：e.g.:ThepersontowhoyoujusttalkedisDeep.(错误)应该为towhom或者可以这样表达：Thepersonwho/whomyoujusttalkedtoisDeep.（正确）在现代英语中，定语从句中作宾语的关系代词whom可以用who代替，但who不用于介词之后。在非限定性定语从句中，whom不可用who代替。iv.Whose引导的定语从句Whose可以指人也可以指物，在定语从句中作定语。e.g.:DoyouknowthegirlwhoseJapaneseisexcellent?I’dlikearoomwhosewindowlooksoutoverthesea.重点提升：有时“whose+名词”可用“限定词+名词+ofwhich/whom”或者“ofwhich/whom+限定词+名词”来替代。e.g.:Helivesinahousewhosewindowsfacesouth.===Helivesinahousewhosewindowsfacesouth.===Helivesinahousethewindowsofwhichfacesouth.另：whose+名词引导定语从句时，名词前不能再接限定词，只有转换为“限定词+名词+ofwhich/whom”或“ofwhich/whom+限定词+名词”时，名词前面可以有限定词。4.关系副词引导的定语从句出题点：关系副词when，where，why的用法关系副词在定语从句中充当状语，一般不可省略。常用的关系副词有when，where，why等。选择哪一个关系副词要看其前面的先行词。关系副词先行词在从句中充当的成分Where表示地点的名词地点状语When表示时间的名词时间状语WhyReason原因状语e.g.Iremembertheday.+Wefirstmetthen.==Irememberthedaywhenwefirstmet.关系副词作时间状语，相当于onwhich（1）when引导定语从句when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。它的先行词通常为time，day，week等表示时间的名词。此时时常可用onwhich，inwhich，duringwhich等替代。e.g.:Aprilthefirstisthedaywhenpeoplemakefunofothers.IstillrememberthetimewhenIfirsttravelledbyplane.注意：当表示时间的先行词在定语从句中作主语或宾语时，关系代词不能用when。.;..（2）where引导的定语从句where指地点，在定语从句中作状语。它的先行词常为place，house，country等表示地点的名词。此时常可以用inwhich，atwhich等替代。e.g.:Lastyearmyparentswenttothefarmwheretheyworked30yearsago.先行词关系副词作地点状语，相当于inwhichKeepthebooksinaplacewhereyoucanfindthemeasily.先行词关系副词作地点状语，相当于atwhich（3）why引导的定语从句why指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语，它的先行词通常为reason，此时常可以用forwhich来代替。e.g.:Iknowthereasonwhysheleftyou.先行词关系副词作原因状语Pleasetellmethereasonwhysheiscryingsobadly.注意：先行词是thereason，关系副词why在定语从句中充当原因状语。但是当先行词在定语从句中作主语或宾语时，关系代词不能用why，要用that或which引导。5.定语从句中的注意事项出题点：A.只用that不用which的情况B．只用which不用that的情况C．定语从句中的主谓一致D．“介词+关系代词”结构中介词的选择（1）只用that不用which的情况；A．先行词时不定代词或者被不定代词修饰时先行词是anything，everything，nothing，few，all,none,little,some等，或者由every，any,all,some,no,little,few,much等不定代词修饰时，关系代词用that不用which。e.g.:HaveyoutakendowneverythingthatMr.Lihassaid?Anymanthatdoesn’thaveasenseofdutycan’tdothethingwell.B.先行词时序数词或者形容词最高级或者被其修饰时e.g.:Thefirstthingthatmybrotherisgoingtodothisafternoonistostudyphysics.Ihavefoundthebestwaythatcouldfinishthetest.C.先行词既有指人的名词又有指物的名词时e.g.:Hewaswatchingthechildrenandparcelsthatfilledwiththecar.Jacktookphotographsofthethingsandpeoplethathewasinterestedin.D.当主句是以who或者which开头的特殊疑问句时e.g.:Whoisthepersonthatisstandingatthegate?Whichisthebikethatyoulost?E.先行词前有theonly，thevery等修饰时e.g.:ThisistheverydictionarythatIwanttobuy.Afterthefire,theoldcarwastheonlythingthatheowned.注意：.;..当主语是以here，there开头且先行词是指物的名词时，用that而不用which引导。e.g.：Hereisthebookthatyouarelookingfor.口诀记忆：只用that的情况：theonly，thevery，thesame，no，any先行词即有人又有物，高级，不定和序数。（2）只用which不用that的情况A.关系代词前有介词且指物时e.g.:I’mlookingforacontainerinwhichIcanputallthesepeaches.Azooisaparkinwhichmanykindsofanimalsarekeptforexhibition.B.先行词本身就是that时e.g.:Idon’tlikethatwhichhedid.Whatisthatwhichisontheground?C.引导非限定性定语从句时非限定性定语从句的关系代词或关系副词与先行词之间常用逗号隔开。e.g.:Football,whichisaveryinterestinggame,isplayedallovertheworld.T