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TheImprovementoftheMineGasDrainage矿井中瓦斯抽排的改进Abstract：EffectivegasmanagementisvitaltothesuccessofthelongwallminingintheBullseam,intheSouthernCoalfield,SydneyBasin,NSW,Australia.Theevolutionofgasdrainagemethodsandpracticesarediscussedwithrespecttogastype,gasdrainageleadtimeandprevailinggeologicalconditions.（本文就瓦斯气体类型，气体抽放前置时间和泛地质条件下的气体抽放方法和实践的进展进行了讨论。）Bothundergroundtoinseamdrillingandsurfacetoinseamdrillingtechniquesaredescribedatbothpro-drainageandpost-drainageconditions.。（在前期抽放和后期抽放的条件下，对地面钻洞到煤层和地下钻洞到煤层的钻探技术都进行了描述。）Post-drainageofgasfromlongwallisdiscussedforitseffectiveness,practicabilityandefficiency.Thelongtermbenefitofthemethodselectedisexaminedwithrespecttogascaptureefficiency.Analternativemethodofsurfacebasedmined-outareadrainage,usingmediumradiusdrillingtechnologytodrillhorizontalboreholesaboveand/orbelowtheproductionseamintothepartialcavingzonepriortolongwallmined-outareaformationisproposed.（本文还涉及到一种可选择的采空区瓦斯抽放方法，即利用中曲率钻井技术，在工作面上方或下方或是上下都钻探水平钻井直到连通到采空区前端的部分崩落区，以实现采空区的瓦斯抽放。）1INTRODUCTIONEffectivegasmanagementisvitaltothesuccessofthelongwallminesoperatingintheBullseam,locatedintheSouthernSydneyBasin,Australia.Highgasemissionsarecharacteristicoftheregionwithspecificgasemissionstypicallyintheorderof30-45m3/t.（30-45m3/t的高瓦斯排放量是本地区特殊气体排放类型的特征。）Theprimaryroleofpro-drainageistoreducethegascontentofthecoalseamtobeextractedtolessthantheprescribedThresholdLimitVValue(TLV).（掘进巷道前期瓦斯抽放技术的首要任务是限制矿井中的气体含量，使其小于规定的阈值(TLV)。）2BACKGROUNDTheuseofroutinedrillingprogramsforgasdrainagebeganinAustraliain1980andquicklyspreadamongthegassyminesinbothNewSouthWalesandQueensland.(瓦斯抽放的常规钻井程序在澳大利亚开始于1980年，并且在新南威尔士和昆士兰富含瓦斯的矿井中迅速普及。)Inadditiontotheinseamdrillingforpro-drainagesignificantattentionisalsogiventopost-drainagegascapturemethods.(煤层内部钻孔除了高度注重掘进巷道前期瓦斯抽放外还给出了长壁开采掘进过程实瓦斯时抽放的瓦斯收集方法。)Insuchsituationsthegasconcentrationsinthemineairwaysexceedstheprescribedstatutorylimitresultinginaproductiondelayuntilsuchtimeastheconcentrationisreduced.(在这种情况下，巷道中的瓦斯含量超过了规定的浓度，直到瓦斯浓度降低才能进行生产作业，这样就会导致生产延误。)3PRO-DRAINAGEThepreferredmethodofdraininggasaheadofroadwaydevelopmenthasbeenthroughtheuseofundergroundtoinseam(UIS)drilling.(抽放巷道前端瓦斯气体的前期方法已经通过地下煤层内部(UIS)钻井技术得以应用。)Theboreholesaretypicallydrilledinfanpatternstominimumthefrequencyofdrillrig,andthespacingbetweenboreholesvariesaccordingtoseampermeabilityandoveralldrainageeffectiveness.(从地面向煤层钻探时尽可能的减少钻探频率，地面钻孔间的距离要根据煤层的渗透性和煤矿整体抽放系统的效率而定。).Atypicalresponseofmineoperatorinsuchcasesistoreassigndrillingrigsfromroutinedrillingintotheseareastofurtherincreasetheboreholedensity.(应对此种情况的典型办法是重新布置钻机，在常规钻井到这一区域时增加钻孔密度。)4POST-DRAINAGEThemajorsourceofgasemissionwithinamineoccursinthelongwallmined-outarea.（矿井中瓦斯泄露的主要来源就是长臂采煤中的采空区。）Thepercentageofthetotalgasemissionthatiscapturedbytheminegasdrainagesystemandpreventedfromenteringthemineventilationnetworkisknownasthepostdrainagecaptureefficiency(PDCE).（由矿井中的瓦斯抽放系统捕获和阻止进入通风网络的瓦斯总量在矿井泄漏的瓦斯总量中所占的百分比，就是我们所知的采后瓦斯抽放有效率（PDCE）。）Thesemethodsincludecross-measuredrilling,back-of-blocdrainage,mined-outareasealdrainageanddirectionalboreholes.这些方法包括交叉钻孔措施，回块抽放，采空区密封抽放和定向钻孔。5CONCLUSIONSThecontinueduseofundergroundgasdrainagemethodsalonewillnotbecapableofdrainingsufficientgasintherelativelyshortleadtimeavailabletosupporthighproductionratesbylongwallminesoperatingingassyconditions.(在高瓦斯泄漏条件下的长壁煤井中，持续的使用单一的地下瓦斯抽放方法，在较短的前置时间内不能为高产作业提供足够的瓦斯抽放能力。)TheuseofdrillingtechnologiessuchaMRDhastheaddedbenefitofbeingabletodrillanddraingasfromlongdistanceswhichisveryattractivefromanenvironmentalandcommunityimpactperspectiveasthereisanoverallreductioninthetotalnumberofsurfaceinstallationsrequired.(使用像MRD这样的钻井技术对于长距离钻孔和瓦斯抽放有着更多的好处，从环保和社会影响的角度来看也是十分具有吸引力的，因为它可以大量减少在地表需要安装的设备数量。)Coalminegas(矿井瓦斯)Gasdrainageimprovement(瓦斯抽排的改进)Undergrounddrilling(地下钻孔)Bullseam(布利煤层)gasemission(瓦斯排放量)undergroundinseam(UIS)drilling（地下煤层内部(UIS)）longwallcoalextraction（长臂开采）volumeofgas（瓦斯气体体积）gasdrainagemanagementsystem（瓦斯抽放管理系统）pro-drainage（掘进巷道前期瓦斯抽放）post-drainage(采后瓦斯抽放)