高中英语情态动词课件.ppt

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一.Whataremodalverbs?•情态动词用在行为动词前,表示说话人对这一动作或状态的态度,看法或主观设想.但本身词义不完全,不能单独作谓语,只能和动词原形一起构成谓语。情态动词一般没有人称和数的变化。情态动词虽然数量不多,但用途广泛,主要有下列:can(could),may(might),must,need,oughtto,dare(dared),shall(should),will(would)mustnot,haveto.二.Weusemodalverbstotalkabout:1.Ability(能力)2.Obligation(义务)3.Certainty(可能性)4.Permission(允许).Wealsousemodalverbsto:5.Makerequests(提出请求)6.Makesuggestions(提出建议或意见)7.Makeoffers(提供帮助)1.Ability(能力)——can/could:1).can一般表示与生俱来的能力或者一种客观可能性,还可以表示请求和允许。LearningEnglish_____bedifficult.canMancannotlivewithoutair._______Iuseyourbike?Cancan/could:2.在疑问句中,用could可表示请求,语气较委婉。—____Ihavethetelevisionon?—Yes,you_____./No,you_____CouldHeasksifhe____smokehere.couldcan/maycan’t/I’mafraidnotcan/could:3.表示惊异、怀疑、不相信的态度。(主要用在否定句、疑问句或感叹句中)He’ssuchanicepersonthathe______committhecrime!can’t你怎么会如此地粗心!Howcanyoubesocareless!Canthisbetrue?can/could:4.cannever/can’t……too表示“无论怎样…也不过分”,“越…越好”。你过马路的时候再小心也不为过。Youcan’tbetoocareful(/carefulenough)whilecrossingthestreet.can/beableto区别:Edisonalwayswonderedwhyhenscouldhatch(孵)chickenswhilehewasnotableto.Question:Arethetwomodalverbsinterchangeable(互换)?Ifnot,why?can表示与生俱来的能力或一种客观可能,而beableto更加强调通过后天的学习和努力获得的能力,或者在某个客观的场合和背景下,能做到的事情。advisabilitynecessityoughtto/shouldhavetomustYourmotherbringsyouupandtakesgoodcareofyou,sowhensheisold,you___lookafterherinreturn.A.canB.mayC.havetoD.musthaveto•1.haveto表示一种客观的需要,即周围的环境、状况等要求或迫使某人不得不做某事。•It'srainingoutside,soIhavetoputonmyraincoattogoout.•2.haveto的否定式don'thaveto,相当于needn't,表示没有义务或没必要做某事,意为不必,常用于回答must引导的疑问句。•MustIturninmyhomeworknow?•-Yes,youmust/haveto.•-No,youneedn't/don'thaveto.veryuncertainalmostcertainmightshouldmustmaycouldoughttowill1.He_____beathome.2.He_____beathome,forhejustcalledmefromhishome15secondsago.A.mayB.mightC.mustA.mayB.mightC.must(can)1.must表示肯定的猜测,译为“一定”,只能用于肯定句,在疑问句和否定句中表推测时分别要用can/could和can't/couldn't。Thismustbeyourpen.Hemustbedoinghishomeworknow.Hecan'tbeintheclassroom,forthelighthasbeenturnedoff.mustmust2.表示“坚持”(常用于固定句型:ifyoumustdosth.如果你非得要做某事)如果你真的要走,那就悄悄离开。Ifyoumustleave,doitquietly.•3.must做必须讲时,其疑问句的否定回答用needn't,表示不必,mustn't表示不准,禁止。•-MustIworkouttheproblemtonight?•-No,youneedn't.•It'smycar.Youmustn'tuseitwithoutmypermission.4.Permission(允许)may/might:1.表示许可,常译为可以。表示请求、允许时,might比may的语气更委婉一些。-Might/MayIuseyourcomputer?-Yes,youcan./No,youcan’t/mustn’t.may/might:2.用于祈使句中表示祝愿。3.表示推测、可能(只用于肯定句,疑问句则要用can或could)。祝你成功!Mayyousucceed.Hemaybeverybusynow.Mayyoubehappyallyourlife.•4.may/mightaswell...还是......为好,不妨•It'sverylate,soyoumay/mightaswellgotbed.5.Makingrequests(提出要求):Canyouhelpmewithmytraining?Idon’tknowhowtousethisequipment!willcancouldwouldinformalformalwill/would:1.表示请求、建议等,用于第二人称疑问句中,would比will委婉客气。sentencepatternWouldyouplease…Wouldyoumind…Wouldrather…Wouldyoulike…will/would:2.表示意志、愿望和决心。有愿意,要的意思,will指现在,would指过去的习惯性动作或倾向。Iwillneverdothatagain.Iwouldgotherewithyou.will/would:3.可表示经常性、习惯性、倾向性。翻译为“经常、惯于、总是”。Theoldman_______haveasmokeunderabigtreeeveryafternoonafterhefinishedhisfarmwork.would6.Makingsuggestions(提出建议):Shall(可以)/should(应该)、Oughtto(应该)/hadbetter(最好)shall:1.Shall用于第一、第三人称疑问句中,表示说话人征求对方的意见、向对方请示或提供帮助。1.Shallwebeginourlesson?2.Whenshallhebeallowedtoleavehospital?3.ShallIcarrythisbagforyou?shall:2.Shall用于第二、第三人称,表示说话人给对方命令、警告、允诺或威胁。Youshallfailifyoudon‘tworkharder.Heshallbepunishedaccordingtotherule.等我读完这本书,就会给他的。HeshallhavethebookwhenIfinishit.警告威胁允诺should:1.Should表示劝告、建议、命令,其同义词是oughtto;在疑问句中,通常用should代替ought…to。ShouldIopenthewindow?我们应当要相互学习。Weshouldlearnfromeachother.should:2.情态动词should用于第一人称时可以表示说话人的一种谦逊、客气、委婉的语气。Ishouldadviseyounottodothatagain.3.should表示意外或惊讶常译为“居然,竟然”。Ican’tbelievesuchagentlemanshouldbesorudetotheold.我不敢相信这样一个绅士居然对老人如此无礼。should:4.should表示猜测时,一般指按经验或逻辑判断,翻译成“照说应该,估计,想必”should:---WhencanIcomeforthephotos?Ineedthemtomorrowafternoon.---Theyshouldbereadyby12:00.7.Makingoffers(提供帮助):Don’tworry,dear,Iwillwashthemrightaway.Mom,mydirtyclotheshavebeenpiledup!Idon’thavetime……•三、情态动词+不定式完成式是历年高考的热点之一,可表示“推测”、“责备”、“怀疑”等多种意义。•1.musthavedone肯定做了•2.may/mighthavedone可能已做了•3.can’t/couldn’thavedone不可能做了•4.should/oughttohavedone本该做但没做•5.shoudn’t/oughtn’ttohavedone本不该做但做了•6.couldhavedone本可以做但没做•7.needn’thavedone本不必做但做了•8.wouldratherhavedone本想做但没做•Icouldhavecomehereearlier.Butmycarbrokedown.•Ishouldhavearrivedatnoonbutmytrainwasdelayed.•Ineedn'thaveboughtsomuchwine-onlyfivepeoplecomehere.四.可兼做行为动词的情态动词:need、dare情态动词(+动词原形)行为动词needdare1.无人称和数的变化;2.尤其用于:*否定句及疑问句中;*在if/whether之后;*或与hardly,never,noone,nobody连用;3.常以needn’t和daren’t的形式出现;4.dare有其过去时dared.多用于肯定句;(sb.)needtododaretodo(sth.)needtobedone(sth.)needdoing五.表示否定的情态动词的用法:部分情态动词的否定式是情态动词中的考点之一。mustn’t不准,禁止needn’t没必要(=don’thaveto)can’t不能;不可能maynot不可以;可能不shouldn’t不应该(=oughtnotto)Reviewtheusageofmodalverbsandfinishtheexercisepaper

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