德国功能派翻译理论简介

Functionalistapproachestotranslation德国功能派翻译理论简介由来•“Thetheoristsofequivalencetendtoacceptnon-literaltranslationproceduresmorereadilyinthetranslationofpragmatictexts(instructionsforuse,advertisements)thaninliterarytranslation.Differentorevencontradictorystandardsfortheselectionoftransferproceduresarethussetupfordifferentgenresortext-types.Thismakestheequivalenceapproachratherconfusing.”•“Thismaybethereasonwhysometranslationscholarsworkingintraininginstitutionsstartedtogibefunctionalistapproachespriorityoverequivalence-basedapproaches.”沿革•凯瑟琳娜•莱斯(KatharinaReiss)•汉斯•费米尔(HansVermeer)•贾斯塔•赫兹•曼塔利(JustaHolzMantari)•克里丝汀•诺德(ChristianeNord)文本类型理论(Texttypology）翻译目的论(Skopostheorie)翻译行为理论(theoryoftranslationaction)功能加忠诚理论(functionplusloyalty)BasicAspectsofSkopostheorieSkoposRule“Thetranslationpurposejustifiesthetranslationprocedures.”翻译会遇到的三大类purpose•Thegeneralpurposeaimedatbythetranslatorinthetranslationprocess(perhaps‘toearnaliving’)•Thecommunicativepurposeaimedatbythetargettextinthetargetsituation(perhaps‘toinstructthereader’)•Thepurposeaimedatbyaparticulartranslationstrategyorprocedure(forexample,‘totranslateliterallyinordertoshowthestructuralparticularitiesofthesourcelanguage’)RealLifeExample•Initiator：myfellowfriends•Translator:me•TargetTextreceiver:Nordicgirls•SourceText:北欧中心就在校史馆边上，相辉堂那里•Purposeofmyfriends：越简单越好，等着我一起去上课（已经迟到了）•Expectationofthegirls：清楚明白地让她们知道北欧中心的位置•Myevilintension:speakaslongaspossiblewiththegirlsinordertoimpressthemwiththegentilityofstudentsofouruniversity.•Initiator:It’sneartheschoolhistorymuseumandXiang!Hui!Tang!•TTreceiver:TheNordiccenterisjustnexttoourschoolhistorymuseumandthatpartofcampusisalwayscalled‘XiangHuiTang’bystudents.•Translator:Afteracarefuldiscussionwithgentlemenoverthere,wecametotheconclusionthattheNordiccenterismostlikelytobelocatednexttoourschoolhistorymuseum,whichwebelieveveryfewstudentshaveheardof.Underthiscircumstance,wehumblyrecommendyoutoaskthename‘XiangHuiTang’,that’sthefrequentwordwestudentsusetorefertothatpartofcampus.•Skopos•Aim•Purpose•Intention•FunctionandTranslationBrief•AnimportantadvantageofSkopostheoryisthatitallowsthepossibilitythatthesametextmaybetranslatedindifferentwaysdependingonthepurposeoftheTTandonthecommissionwhichisgiventothetranslator.IntratextualCoherenceAtranslationshouldbeacceptableinasensethatitiscoherentwiththereceiver’ssituation,beingpartofthereceiver’ssituation.Fidelity(IntertextualCoherence)Atranslationshouldbeasfaithfulaspossibletotheoriginal.IntratextualCoherence和Fidelity(IntertextualCoherence)均从属于SkoposRule！•总的来说ThenatureoftheTT‘isprimarilydeterminedbyitsskoposandadequacy(Adäquatheit),comestooverrideequivalenceasthemeasureofthetranslationalaction.EquivalenceisreducedtofunctionalconstancybetweenSTandTT.TwointerdependentlimitationstotheSkoposmodel•Oneconcernstheculture-specificityoftranslationmodels•Theotherhastodowiththerelationshipbetweenthetranslatorandthesource-textauthor•Thetranslator,whoisalwaysactingwithintheboundariesofaparticularculturecommunity,cannot,infact,takethelibertyofchoosinganytranslationscopeforaparticulartextevenifthatiswhatthecustomeraskshimtodo.DifferencebetweenLoyaltyandFidelity•让我们回顾一下最开始提到的功能翻译理论的发展由来以及之前提到的Skopostheorie•然而InVermeer’swords:WhattheSkoposstatesisthatonemusttranslate,consciouslyandconsistently,inaccordancewithsomeprinciplerespectingthetargettext.Thetheorydoesnotstatewhattheprincipleis:thismustbedecidedseparatelyineachspecificcase.ExamplesgivenbyNord一个Nord反对的例子一个Nord认可的例子OtherExamples•基于译语读者文化背景的目的论出于为了让读者更好地理解原文的目的,译者遵循道德责任、文化责任的原则进行比起对等翻译更好的翻译方式。1.几个名词的翻译•Facebook校内网（现在再翻译可能就是朋友圈了）•Yelp大众点评网•Uber滴滴打车2.TheBigBangTheory《生活大爆炸》中•Sheldon:Isthereaplotafoot?I’llhavenotruckwithplots.Penny:No,there’s…There’snoplot,notrucks,nofeet.•译文:谢尔顿：你们在搞什么阴谋?我绝不参与任何阴谋。佩妮：不是，这儿什么都没有…没有阴谋，没有诡计，没有密谋。•Penny:Look,doyouhaveasecond?Sheldon:Asecondwhat,apairofunderwear?•译文:佩妮：你有时间嘛？谢尔顿：十件什么？内衣吗？•[Rajeshwalkedintotheapartment,wherehisfriendsarewaitingforhim.]Rajesh：Hello,sorryI’mlate,butIwasinthehallway,chattingupPenny.Howard:Really,you,RajeshKoothrappali,spoketoPenny?Rajesh:ActuallyIwaslessthechatterthanthechat-ee.•Version1:拉吉：抱歉我现在才来，刚刚我在走廊里和佩妮聊天来着。霍华德：真的假的，你拉吉·库萨帕里和佩妮说话了？拉吉：实际上我说得比哑巴还少。•Version2:拉吉：抱歉我来晚了，我刚在走廊里和佩妮聊天。霍华德：真的假的，你拉吉·库萨帕里和佩妮说话了？拉吉：实际上我是被聊天。Q&A