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跨文化交际考试样卷I.Understandingterms（20%）Directions:MatcheachofthetermsinColumnAwithitscorrespondingdefinitionorexplanationinColumnB.WriteyouranswersonANSWERSHEETII.ColumnAColumnB1.low-contextcultureA.acultureinwhichinformationiscontainedintheverbalcode,andthemessageisstatedclearlyandexplicitlywithoutdependingonthecontextofthecommunicationortheparticipants2.theSpir-WhorfhypothesisB.atypeofculturalchangethatresultsfromcontinuousfirsthandcontactbetweentwodistinctculturalgroups3.ethnocentrismC.thestudyofhowpeopleuse,structure,interpret,andunderstandtime4.powerdistanceD.ahypothesisfirstadvancedbytwoAmericanlinguists,whichholdsthatthestructureofalanguageaffectsthewaysinwhichitsspeakersareabletoconceptualizetheirworld,i.e.theirworldview5.acculturationE.thebeliefthatone’sowncultureisthebestandallotherculturesareinferior.6.chroxemicsF.thedegreetowhichthecultureacceptstheunequaldistributionofpower7.culturalpatternG.acircumstanceinwhichanewcomponentofidentityisincompatiblewithanexistingone8.identityconflictH.thetroublesomefeelingssuchasdepression,loneliness,confusion,inadequacy,hostility,frustration,andtension,causedbythelossoffamiliarcuesfromthehomeculture9.uncertaintyavoidanceI.thenorms,values,andbeliefsrelatedtothetolerationofambiguity10.cultureshockJ.theconditionsthatcontributetothewayinwhichapeopleperceiveandthinkabouttheworld,andthemannerinwhichtheyliveinthatworld.II.Termtranslation（20%）SectionA:DirectionsWritetheEnglishequivalentsofthefollowing.WriteyouranswersonANSWERSHEETII.1.低情景依赖型文化2.文化内涵3.刻板印象4.跨文化身份5.亚文化SectionB:DirectionsWritetheChineseequivalentsofthefollowing.WriteyouranswersonANSWERSHEETII.1.proxemics2.individualism3.euphemism4.past-orientedculture5.acculturationstrategyPartIIITrueorFalse(20%)Directions:MarkAifthestatementisTrue;markBifitisFalse.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet.1.Theicebergmodelofcultureimpliesthatitisverydifficulttounderstandaculturethoroughly.2.Cultureisinnateassoonasapersonisborn.3.Peoplemaysometimesgetconfusedabouthisorherculturalidentity.4.Scholarspreferthetermsubculturetoco-cultureindescribingaculturewhichexistswithinadominantculture.5.Apersoncouldbeamemberofseveraldifferentsubgroupsatthesametime.6.Stereotypingisacomplexformofcategorizationthatmentallyorganizesyourexperiencesandguidesyourbehaviortowardaparticulargroupofpeople.7.Valuesaresocialprinciples,goals,orstandardsacceptedbypersonsinaculture.Theyaretheinnermost“skinoftheonion.”8.Ethnocentrismisthebeliefthatsomebodyelse’sculturalbackground,includingwaysofanalyzingproblems,values,beliefs,language,andverbalandnonverbalcommunication,isbetterthanourown.9.PeopleintheUnitedStatesplaceagreateremphasisonhistoryanddonotlikechangeascomparedwithpeopleofAsianandLatincultures.10.CompaniesshouldavoidsendingfemaleemployeestotheMiddleEast,asinArabcountriesmenmayrefusetoworkwithwomen.11.Inshort,interculturalcommunicationcompetencerequiressufficientawarenessknowledge,motivations,andskills.Eachofthesecomponentsaloneissufficienttoachieveinterculturalcommunicationcompetence.12.Peopleinvariouscultureshavebasicallysimilarvalues.13.Peoplefromculturesthatfollowthemonochromictimesystemtendtodoonethingatatime.14.IntheU.S.,ahandshakeshouldbefirm,whileanAsianhandshakeisusuallygentle.15.Processesofreasoningandproblemsolvingarethesameinallcultures.16.Attitudetowardtimeanduseofspaceconveynonverbalmessagesininterculturalencounters.17.Wheninanotherculture,anappropriatecautionwouldbetowatchthebehaviorofthepersonsyouaretalkingwithandmatchtheirstyle.18.ItisgenerallyadvocatedthatGermanyuseshigh-contextlanguage.19.Knowingculturalvariationsintheuseofsilenceishelpfulwhenconversingwithpersonsinanotherculture.20.Althoughoralcommunicationvariesfromculturetoculture,non-verbalcommunicationisalmostalwaysinterpretedthesameineachculture.PartIVBlankFilling(10%)Directions:FillinthefollowingpassagebyselectingsuitablewordsfromtheWordBankgivenbelow.EachchoiceintheWordBankisidentifiedbyaletter.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsmorethanonce.Afteryouhavedecidedonyourchoice,markthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet.WordBankA)establishB)communicationC)materialD)environmentE)extentF)expressG)messagesH)similarI)influenceJ)symbolsCommunicationiscentraltoourexistence.Itisthrough____1____thatwelearnwhoweare,andwhattheworldaroundusislike.Toalarge____2____,ouridentityasbothindividualandculturalbeingisshapedthroughcommunication.Throughthis,weexploretheworldaroundus,and____3____bonds,networks,andrelationshipswithotherpeople.Communicationpermitsusto____4____ourthoughtsandfeelingstoothers,andtosatisfyouremotionaland____5____needs.Aswelearntocommunicatebetter,webegintoachievesomemeasureofcontrolovereventsthataffectusandthosearoundus.Therearethreebasicaspectstocommunication:ourindividualpersonality,thecultureweoperatein,andthephysical____6____thatsurroundsus.Eachoftheseaspectshasa(n)____7____onwhatandhowwecommunicate.Communicationistransactional.Eachpersonencodesandsendsmessages,andinturnreceivesanddecodes____8____.Thecodinganddecodingprocessisprimarilyculture-basedandinvolvesadiversesetofelements,in