英法百年战争英文版介绍

HundredYears´War英法百年战争It‘sthelongestwaroftheworld.Lastedfor116years,from1337to1453.ItbeganbetweeenTheKingdomofEnglandandTheKingdomofFrance.ThesourceisintheregionFlanders(法兰德斯).Atthattime,FlandersisafamousindustryadvancedareaofEurope.ThebusinessmenofFlanderswantedtoescapefromthecontroloftheemperorofFrance.Buttheydaren'ttoberebels,sotheythoughtoutagoodidea,theyissuedthattheemperorofEnglandisthefeudallord(领主)ofFrance.BecauseEnglandhadapartofFrenchland,sotheycouldsaytheywereEnglishpeople.AndjustbecauseofFlemish(法兰德斯人的)statement,EnglandandFrancebeganthewarthatlastedforonehundredyears.•Background•PrimacordIn1328,CharlesIVdied.CapetianDynastywaswithoutoffspring.ThehouseofValois’sPhilippeVIaccededtothethrone.EdwardIIIfightwithPhilippeVIforthethroneinthequanlificationofCharlesIV’snephew.Thewarbrokeout.EdwardIIIPhilippeVI•ProcessTheFirstStageNevember1337,EdwardIII(爱德华三世)leadedthemilitarytoattackFrance,thewarbegan.1337-1360year,EnglandandFrancefightedforFlandersandKeane(基恩）.1340,EnglandbeatFranceinBattleofSluys(斯鲁伊斯海战),EnglandcontroledtheEnglishchannel(英吉利海峡).August1346,EnglandgotagreatvictoryinBattleofCrécy.Thenextyear,inJuly,EnglandcapturedCalais.1348,theblackdeathspreadacrosstheEuropean,andthetwocontriesstoppedbattlingfor10years.1356,EnglandinvadedFranceagain,andcaptruedKeaneandGasconha(加斯科涅),beinginthesouth-westofFrance.1360,Francewasforcedtoconcludeandsign(签订)theTreatyofBretigny(布勒丁尼合约),whichwasaveryunfairtreaty.1356,theBlackPrinceEdward(黑太子爱德华)arrivedinBordeaux(波尔多),invincibility(不可战胜地),inSeptember,inPoitiers(普瓦捷),beatFrance,caughtalivetheemperorofFranceJéanIItheprincePhilippeandalotofnoblemen(贵族).TheprincewasforcedtoconcludeandsigntheTreatyofBrétigny,whichmainlyinvolvedthefollowingthings:1.theEnglandemperorgaveuptherightofinheritance(纪承权)oftheFrenchemperor2.FrancegavelotsofFrenchterritories(领土)toEngland3.Francemustpayforagreatdealofmoneytoransomed(赎回)JéanII.TreatyofBretignyBattleofCrecyThebattleofCrecy（克雷西会战）happenedonAugust261346,andEnglishsodierswhousedEnglandlongbow(英格兰长弓）beatFrenchheavyarmourknights(重甲骑士）andsodiersholdingcrossbow(十字弓）.It'samostclassicalbattleinthehundredyears'war.EnglishemporerEdwardIIIleaded15thousandsodierstoinvadeFrancethroughthesea.FrenchemporerPhilippeVIsent30thousandsodiersagainstEngland.Inthisbattle,Englandlongbowplayedakeyfunction.Theyfoughtinforest,andtheknightscouldn'tworkwell.Attheend,about10thousandpeopleofFrenchdeadorwereinjured,butthenumberofEnglandisaround2hundred.theSecondStage1364,PrinceCharlie(France)wenttothethrone(继位),whowasexactlytheCharlieV.Forrecapturingthelandlost,hereformedalotwhichpromotedtheFrancetodevelop.1369,CharlieVattackedEnglandforsometimes,torecapturemoreland.CharlieVappointedBertrandduGaiKelan(贝特朗·杜·盖克兰)astheleaderofmilitary.Heusedsomeflexibletactics(战术)successfullybeatEnglandinMontielBattle(蒙铁儿战役).1396,thekingofEnglandwarriedaboutthatifcontiued,hewouldloseallofhisterritories(领土),sothekingconcluedandsignedatready20-yearArmistice(二十年停战协定)withFrance.Formthenon,Englandonlykeptdownafewterritories,whichapproximatelywashalfoftheformer.theThirdStageFrom1415to1429,inFrancebrokeoutaninternalconflict(内讧),andmanyafarmerandpretyofcitizenroseupagainstthegovermentasthesametime.Englandseizedtheopportunity(乘机)toinvadeFranceagain.In1415,EnglandinvadedmostofFrenchterritories,whichwasaboutallofthenorth.On21stMay,1420,EnglandandFranceconcludedandsignedTreatyofTroyes(特鲁瓦条约).Englandbecametheprinceregent(摄政王)ofFrance,hadtherighttoinheritthethrone(王位).FrancehadreducedtobeapartofBritishCommonwealth(英联邦).◎InOctober,1428,EnglandinvadedOrleans(奥尔良),Frenchpeopleraisedguerrillas(游击队)tofightagainsttheinvaders.Thewarhadbecomeanationalliberationmovement(民族解放运动).Inthefourthstage,Jeanned'Arc(圣女贞德)ledtheFrencharmytodefeattheinvaders,andgotlosofvictories.In1558,FrancerecapturedCalais,whichwasthelastpointofEnglandinContinentalEurope(欧洲大陆).Untilthismoment,HundredYearsWarsended,andFrancegotthefinalvictory.theFourthstageJeannewascaughtBeforethepunishmentInflunenceThevictoryofthewarpromotedthetheunityofFranceandlaidthefoundationfortheexpansionineurope.atthesametime,theNationalismofwasbuiltandimposedthepolicyofbanlancingpowerontheEuropeancontinent.thenTheKingdomofEnglandswitcheditsfocustooverseasandbecamethebiggestempireintheworld.Thankyou！