inner-ring-问题

1WhatwerethetwosystemswhichTolstoisaysexistedintheRussianArmy?ThereexistintheRussianarmytwodifferentsystemsorhierarchies.ThefirsttypeofsystemreferstotheofficialsystemlaiddownintheArmyRegulation.Thatis,peoplewhoareinhigherpositionlikethegeneralisalwayssuperiortothelowerpositiononelikethecolonel.Thesecondhierarchyisanunwrittensystemcalled“TheInnerRing”whichisdifferentandamorerealsystem.Itreferstothesecretintimacythatgrowsupbetweenthosewhoworktogether.Ithasinformalityandmobilityholdsexclusionsasessence.PeopleinsidetheRingwillrejecttheoutsiders,whiletheoutsiderstryhardtoenterit.2Whatdoestheauthormeanby“theInnerRing”?Givesomeexamples.Intermsof“TheInnerRing”,theauthormeansthatduringourlifeorwork,thereisalwaysanunwrittensystem,whichconcernsaboutthepersonalfriendshipthatgrowsupamongthosewhoworktogether.Ithasdifferentforms,suchastangibleandintangibleform.Whateverwhichformis,Theauthorbelievesthatpeoplehavestrongdesiretobeinsidethelocalringandtheyareafraidofbeingleftoutsideorrejectedbyothers.Forexample,intheRussianArmy,itcompelledatightlylacedgeneraltowaitrespectfullyforhisturnwhileamerecaptainlikePrinceAndreychattedwithameresecondlieutenantlikeBoris.Whenmovingtoourdailylife,wecanalsoeasilydiscoverit.LiketheClassring—gradering—departmentring—schoolring.therearestillmanyexamplesinenterprisesorgovernmentorganization.3Howwouldyouaccountfortheexistenceof“InnerRings”?Inmypointofview,theexistenceof“InnerRings”isanunavoidablething.It,initself,isnecessaryandagoodthing.Tosomeextent,itofferspeoplethedesiretogetasenseofintimacytoenteraninnerring,whichisthemainspringoflife.Besides,theinnerringitselfisatotallydifferentmatterfromthedesiretoenterit.So,innerring,asacommonandacceptablephenomenonthatexistsinoursociety,isgoodandnecessarytosomeextent.4Isthedesiretobeinsideoneofthegreatpermanentmainspringsofhumanaction?Yes,thedesiretobeinsideisoneofthegreatpermanentmainspringsofhumanaction.Asweknow,variouskindsofdesireareoneofthefactorsthatwemakeuptheworld.Inourlife,everydaywewillinevitablyencounterthestruggle,competition,confusion,graft,disappointmentandadvisement,whichforceustopursuitit.Ifyoudonottakeactiontoavoidsufferingthiskindofdesire,yourwholelifewillbecontrolledbythedesire,strugglingforenteringtheInnerRingandlostyourselfintheend.5WhyisapersonoftendrawnintoanInnerRingifheisnotactuatedbyadesireforgainorease?ThereasonwhyapersonisoftendrawnintoanInnerRingifheisnotactuatedbyadecisionforgainoreaseliesinthatsometimeswearesufferingintangiblepressuregivenbyothers.Itisinconvenientanddifficultforustorejectothersinotherways.Unlessonecanconquerthefearofbeinganoutsideranddonotafraidofseeingtheotherman’sdelightedandsophisticatedfaceturnsuddenlycold.Therefore,peoplesometimeswillbetraytheirownideastoacceptsomethingonsomecertainoccasions.