麦克哈格生平及主要作品-英文版

IanMcHargⅠPersonalBriefIntroductionIanMcHargwasborninScotlandin1920,foughtinWorldWarII,thenstudiedlandscapearchitectureandcityplanningatHarvardUniversityfrom1946to1949.Aftergraduation,heworkedandtaughtinGlasgowandEdinburgh,thenreturnedtotheUnitedStatesin1954asanassistantprofessorofcityplanningattheUniversityofPennsylvania.Atthetimeofhisarrival,theDepartmentofLandandCityPlanning,foundedin1950,wasthemostexcitingplanningprograminthecountry.In1956,McHarghadfoundedanewlyreinstatedDepartmentofLandscapeArchitecture,forwhichhegraduallybuiltafaculty。In1959,IanMcHargintroducedprominentscientists,humanists,andpoetstolandscapearchitecturebyinvitingthemtospeakinhiscourseManandEnvironmentattheUniversityofPennsylvania.In1969,hepublishedDesignwithNature,afinalistfortheNationalBookAwardandabookthatledtofundamentalchangesintheteachingandpracticeoflandscapearchitecture。ⅡMainLiterature《DesignWithNature》BackgroundKeyword•Baroque•Englishpicturesquestyleofgardendesign•DominateandDestroyTableofcontents•CityandCountryside城市与乡村•SeaandSurvival海洋与生存•ThePlight困境•AStepForward前进一步•TheCastandtheCapsule模子和囊膜•NatureintheMetropolis大城市地区内的自然•OnValues社会准则•AResponsetoValues对社会准则的回应•TheWorldisaCapsule世界好比是一个宇宙舱•ProcessesofValues视发展过程为价值•TheNaturalists自然主义者•TheRiverBasin流域•TheMetropolitanRegion大城市地区•ProcessandForm发展过程和形式•TheCity:ProcessandForm城市：发展过程和形式•TheCity:HealthandPathology城市：健康和病理•Prospect展望MainIdeaKeyword•Humancooperation•Biologicalpartnership•Buildenvironment•NaturePrimarycoverage1.Ecology2.Naturalevoluionprocess3.Eastandwest4.Naturalfactors5.Adaptation6.PopulationdensityanddiseaseInfluence•DesignWithNaturewasthefirstworkofitskind“todefinetheproblemsofmoderndevelopmentandpresentamethodologyorprocessprescribingcompatiblesolutions•HaveanimpactonavarietyoffieldsandideasⅢMainRelatedWorksthePlanforBaltimore’sInnerHarborthePlanfortheValleysinBaltimorethePlanforLowerManhattaninNewYorkCityenvironmentally-basedmasterplansforAmeliaIslandPlantationandSanibelIslandsinFloridatheRichmondParkwayinStatenIsland,NewYorkⅣGeneralDesignIdeaMcHarg'semphasisisnotoneitherdesignornaturebyitself,butupontheprepositionwith,whichimplieshumancooperationandbiologicalpartnership.ⅤInfluenceGeographicInformationSystems(GIS)IanMcHargisconsideredanimportantinfluenceonthemodernLandscapeArchitectureprofessionandlandplanninginparticular.WithhisbookDesignwithNature,hepopularizedasystemofanalyzingthelayersofasiteinordertocompileacompleteunderstandingofthequalitativeattributesofaplace.Thissystembecamethefoundationoftoday’sGeographicInformationSystems(GIS).McHargwouldgiveeveryqualitativeaspectofthesitealayer,suchasthehistory,hydrology,topography,vegetation,etc.GISsoftwareisubiquitouslyusedinthelandscapearchitectureprofessiontodaytoanalyzematerialsinandontheearth'ssurfaceandissimilarlyusedbyUrbanPlanners,Geographers,ForestryandNaturalResourcesprofessionals,etc.heturnedlandcapearchitectureintoacomprehensivesubject,unifiedwithEcology,anthropology,geography,etc.AndHepromotedlandscapearchitectureastheinstrumentofenvironmentalismandhelpedshapenationalpolicyontheenvironment.LandscapArchitectureⅥWhatCanWeLearnAfterthestudywehavelearnedthatlandscapedesignisnotonlytobuildabeautifulplace,butalsotohealtheecologicalsystemofasite,acity,aregionandeventheearth.Weshoulddesignwithasenseofresponsibilityfortheenvironmentandarespectingheartforthenature.Secondly,hehasbroughtusausefultoolforlandcapedesign------GIS.Itwillhelpusconsidermorecomprehensivelyaboutthesite,makingourdesignmorescientificandeconomic.Ⅶ.InMemoriamIanMcHarghaspassedawaybuthislegacyliveson,asmorethan1,500formergraduatestudentsunderthedirectionofMcHarghavenowmovedontobecomedeansanddepartmentheadsoflearninginstitutionsthroughouttheworld,whileothershavebecomehighplacedpeopleinbothgovernmentandtheprivatesector.AsJamesCorner,chairandassociateprofessoroflandscapearchitectureandregionalplanningfortheUniversityofPennsylvaniasummarizedathismemorialservice,“IanMcHargwasoneofthegreatculturalfiguresin20thcenturyplanninganddesign”…”Hepaintedanincrediblyrichandexuberantpictureoftheorganicworldandthevariousformsoflifeitcontinuestobodyforth,andfromthisheconjuredupthevisionforamorewholesomeandproductiveworldmetropolis.”THEENDTHANKYOU!thePlanforLowerManhattaninNewYorkCityAftertheInnerHarborplan,MayorJohnLindsayandthecityofNewYorkretainedWMRTin1965toprepareamasterplanforthemoribundLowerManhattandistrict.ThecatalyticideaintheLowerManhattanPlanwastodevelopapredominantlyresidentialcommunityonlandcreatedbyfillingbetweenthebulkheadandpierheadlinesatbothHudsonandEastRivers,adjacenttothesingle-usecommercialcenters.Publicwalkwayswouldbeprovidedatthewater’sedge,linkedbypedestrianwaystothecentersandsubwaystations.Thedistricts’elevatedexpresswayswouldbedepressed.TheLowerManhattanPlanwontheNewYorkMunicipalArtSociety’sHonorAwardandwaspublishedinProgressiveArchitecture.TheplanalsoestablishedWallaceandhisfirmasthepreeminentdowntownplannersandurbandesignersintheUSforthenextdecade.theRichmondParkwayinStatenIsland,NewYorkback