医学专业英语(阅读一分钟readingI)人卫出版第一章节学习笔记目录:1.sectionA翻译2.章节构词汇总chapter1:HumanBodyasaWholeSectionA:原文翻译:医学术语学1引言一本中等医学词典中一共有多少医学单词?这个答案围绕在100,000左右,这也仅仅是保守计算而来。此外,比如一些在先进领域中的术语,它的数量拓展的如此频繁和快速以至于不能背诵。然而,这里有一些工具能帮助学习并且记忆医学术语,甚至能帮助你对不熟悉的单词进行有根据的推测。此外,它们的数量被限制在400到500左右(最常用到的),但是随着结合派生之后它们的数量是巨大的。因此,学习如何使用这些工具远比尝试记住所有的医学术语来的更加高效和有意义。大多数医学术语是基于古希腊和拉丁文字,它们在许多地区保持一致和统一。你将要学习并使用的工具,就是这些古希腊和拉丁部分的单词,它们有些被称作词根、前缀、后缀、、连接元音和构词成分。词根是单词的基础,所有的医学单词中都含有至少一个或多个。前缀是单词的开始。并不是所有的医学单词有含有前缀,但是前缀对词汇的意义有着重要的作用。后缀是单词的结束,并且所有的医学单词有含有一个后缀。连接元音是连接词根和后缀或词根和词根之间的元音。构词成分是词根与连接元音的结合体。举例,分析此单词:EndocrinologyEndo(前缀within/inner:在……之内)crin(词根secrete:分泌)O(连接元音)logy(后缀studyof:有关……的研究)crin+o=crino(构词成分)因此通过分析单词的组成(endocrino)内分泌学的意义被锁定为:关于人类腺体内分泌的学术研究。(激素;荷尔蒙hoemones)2构词成分,前缀和后缀学习下列构词成分,前缀后缀并且在规定的空格内写下医学词汇的含义。(1)Adren/oadrenalgland肾上腺Adrenal:-alPetrainingto(有关于……的)adj.肾上腺的adrenalglandandrenaline:(a)-lin/line,substance(物质)n「生化」肾上腺素ahormonesecretedfromtheadrenalglandadrenalitis:(a)-itis,inflammation(炎症)n.肾上腺炎inflammationoftheadrenalgland【课堂补充:nephr/o,kidney肾】(2)-alpertaningto有关于;……的medical:pertainingtomedicineadj.医学的;药的biological:pertainingtobiologyadj.生物学的chemical:pertainingtochemistryadj.化学的(3)-arpertainingto有关于;……的vascular:vascul/o,bloodvesseladj.血管pertainingtobloodvesselscellular:adj.细胞的pertainingtocellsmolecular:adj.分子的pertainingtomelocules(4)bi/olife生物,生命biomedical:adj.生物医学的pertainingtothemedicineofthelivingthingbiology:-logy,studyofn.生物学thestudyoflivingthingbiophysical:adj.生物物理学的pertainingtothephysicisoflivingthing(5)cardi/oheart心脏cardiology:n「内科」心脏病学thestudyofheartcardiopathy:-pathy,diseasen.心脏病thediseaseoftheheartcardiogram:-gram,recordn.心电图therecordoftheheartwaves【课堂补充:CPR—ccardiopulumonaryresuscitation】(6)chrom/ocolor色chromat/ochromosomes:-somes,bodiesn.染色体(副数)thecolorbody,thesubstancethatcarriesgeneticfaturesfromparentstochildren(把遗传性质遗传给孩子的物质)chromatin:-in,substancen.染色质aproteinsubstanceinthenucleusofacell,componentofchromosomes一种细胞核中的蛋白质物质,染色体中的组件chromatoplasm:-plasm,jellysubstance(果冻物质)incelln.染色质thecoloredportionsofjellysubstance色素质(7)crin/osecrete分泌endocrinology:n.内分泌学thestudyofhumaninnersecretionfromglandscrinogenic:gen/o,+-icpertainingtoproductionadj.促分泌的pertainingtotheproductionofhormonecrinology:n.分泌学thestudyofglandsecretion(8)-cytecell细胞erythrocyte:eryth/o,redn.红细胞theredbloodcellleukocyte:leuk/o,whiten.白细胞thewhitebloodcelllymphocyte:lymph/o,lymph(淋巴)n.淋巴细胞thelymphcell(9)cyt/ocell细胞cytology:n.细胞学thestudyofcellcytochemistry:n.细胞化学,显微生物学thestudyofbiologyofcellCytobiology:n.细胞生物学thestudyofbiologyofcell(10)embry/oembryo胚胎embryology:n.胚胎学thestudyofembryoembryoma:-oma,tumorn.胚瘤thetumoroftheembryoembryopathology:payhology,n.胚胎病理学thestudyofdiseaseoftheembryo(11)endo-inner内endocrinology:n.内分泌学thestudyofthehunmaninnersecretionfromglandsendocardial:adj.心内膜的,心脏内的pertainingtotheinsideoftheheartendocallular:adj.细胞内的pretainingtotheinsideofthecell(12)epi-above上epithelial:thelial,innerskin,adj.「生物」上皮的thecoveringtissueabovetheskin(覆盖于组织之上)epidermic:derm/o,skinadj.外皮的,表皮的abovetheskinepidermatitis:表皮炎inflammationoftheskin【课堂补充:epitheliumisoneofthefourbasictypesofanimaltissue,alongwithconnectivetissue,muscletissuenervoustissue(上皮组织与结缔组织、肌肉组织、和神经组织一样,是动物组织的中基本类型之一)】(13)erythr/ored红erythrocyten.红细胞redbloodcellsErythrocytometer:-meter,instrumentn.红血球计数器instrument藕粉countingredbloodcellerythrogenesis:-sis,stateof(……的状态)红细胞发生thestateofproducingtheredbloodcell(14)ex-out外,出exhale:hale,breathev.呼气tobreatheoutthewastegas(废气)expel:pel,dirvev.驱逐,排除todrivesomebodyorsometingoutexpand:pandere,spreadv.扩大tospread(伸展,传播)outside(15)-gensththatproducedorproduces(产生……的原材料)pathogen:n.病原体sththatproducesdiseasesoxygen:oxy-,oxygenn.氧气oxygenproducednitrogen:nitro-,nitrogroupn.「化学」氮niterairproduced(16)hemat(hem)/oblood血hematology:n.血液学thestudyofbloodhemoglobin:-globin,proteinn.血红蛋白;血红素proteinofblood=heamoglobinabbr.Hb,HGBhemocyte:n.红细胞bloodsells(17)hist/otissue组织histology:n.组织学thestudyoftissueshistopathology:n.组织病理学thestudyofdiseaseoftissueshistotherapy:n.组织疗法tissuetreatment(18)-icpertainingto有关于;……的basic:adj.基础的pertainingtothebasetoxic:adj.有毒的,中毒的pertainingtothetoxin(毒)symptomatic:adj.有症状的,症候的pertainingtosymptoms(症状)(19)immun/oprotection/safe免疫immunology:n.免疫学thestudyofbody'sautoprotectionfromdiseasesimmune:adj.免疫的protectedfromimmunodeficiency:n.免疫缺陷deficiendyintheimmunesystemofthebody(20)-ine/insubstance素adrenaline:n.肾上腺素hoemoneproducedfromtheadrenalglandinsulin:insulu/o,islandn.胰岛素substancethatlookslikeislandurine:ur/o,theurinarytract(尿路),n.尿素、尿液substancefromtheurinarytract(21)-ismprocessorcondition状态,过程metabolism:meta-,change(变换)n.新陈代谢hencetheprocessofchange,thetotalofthechemicalprocessinacellanabolism:ana-,up,n.合成代谢hencetheprocessofbuildingupcomplexmaterials(protion)fromsimplematerials(材料物质)catabolism:cata-,down,n.分解代谢hencetheprocessofbreadingdowncomplexmaterials(food)fromsimplersubstanceandreleaseenergy(释放能量)(22)-logythestudyof学sociology:soci/o,societyn.社会学thestudyofsocietyurinology:n.泌尿科学thestudyofurinarysystemcytology:n/细胞学thestudyofcells(23)lymph/olymph淋巴lymphocyte:n.淋巴细胞l