物流英语chapter-2-Purchasing

ChapterTwoPurchasingLearningobjectiveTounderstandthestepsofpurchasingToUnderstandthekeytermsintheprocessofpurchasingTolearnhowtoformulateapurchasingplanforasmallbusinessTolearntheimportantfactorsinbidderselectionUnit2PurchasingText1PurchasingDialogue1WhatisPurchasingText2PurchasingProcessDialogue2OrderingEquipmentText1PurchasingPurchasingdepartmentmustdevelopandmaintaincloserelationshipswithotherfunctionalgroupswithintheorganizationwhichmayincludemanufacturing,marketing,technologyandfinance.Effectivecommunicationwiththesedepartmentsisessentialandnecessaryforthewholeorganizationtokeepascompetitive.Forexample,ifasupplier’scomponentsaredefectiveandcausingproblemformanufacturing,thenthepurchasingdepartmentmustworkwiththesuppliertoimprovetheirquality.Text1PurchasingInordertoensurethecurrentsuppliersarecompetitive,purchasingmustidentifynewsuppliersandimproveorreplacetheexistingsupplierswhoarenotmeetingtherequirements.Thatmeansthatpurchasingneedstokeepabreastofthenewestconditionsinsupplymarket.Text1Purchasing【Para3】theNeedofPurchasing（采购需求）Nowadaystheneedforpurchasingtobeinvolvedincorporatestrategyhasreceivedagreatdealofattention.Thereasonisthattheamountofmoneyspentonpurchasinghasincreasedsignificantly,andthepotentialsavingsfromstrategicmanagementofpurchasingareconsiderable.Anotherfactoristhetrendtowardoutsourcing,whichmeansfirmsmustmanagetheirsupplierseffectively.Nowitisbelievedthatsuppliersplayacriticalroleinsupportingafirm’scompetitivestrategy,whetheritiscostleadership,differentiation,oramixedstrategy.Text1Purchasing【Para4】DecisionofPurchasing（采购决策）Purchasingthoseproductsandserviceswhichfirmscannotproduceisnecessaryandeasilyunderstood,butiftheycanmakeorprovidetheseproductsandservicesin-house,whatwilltheydo?Decisionsaboutwhetheraproducerofgoodsorserviceswillinsourceoroutsourcearealsocalledmake-or-buydecisions.Answeringsuchquestionsisoftennotasobviousasblackandwhite.Text1PurchasingTomakeitclear,managementneedstoanswerthequestion:Whatisthedifferenceinrelevantcostsbetweenthealternatives?Therefore,itisnecessarytocalculatecostsamongalternativesandconsideritsresourcesandopportunitycost.Finally,someotherstrategicissuesalsoneedtobetakenintoaccount.Text1PurchasingNewWordsandPhrasesfunctionaladj.功能的internaladj.内部的specificationn.规格,规范outsourcingn.外包，外购ensurev.确保uninterruptedadj.不间断的，连续的enterprisen.企业，商业机构Text1Purchasingfinancen.财务，金融essentialadj.基本的，必需的competitiveadj.有竞争力的，竞争的componentn.零件，部分defectiveadj.有缺陷的differentiationn.差异化relevantadj.相关的，相应的alternativeadj.选择性的，二中选一的Text1Purchasingstrategicadj.战略上的，关键的laidto把……归于relyon依赖，依靠keepabreastof保持与...并列costleadership成本领先opportunitycost机会成本takeintoaccount重视，考虑Text1PurchasingNotes1．Theseactivitiesincludesupplieridentificationandselection,buying,negotiationandcontracting,supplymarketresearch,suppliermeasurementandimprovement,andpurchasingsystemsdevelopment,etc.这些活动包括供应商的认定和选择，采购，谈判、合同签订，供应市场调研，供应商的考核和改进，以及采购系统的开发等等。Text1Purchasing2．Thatmeansthatpurchasingneedstokeepabreastofthenewestconditionsinsupplymarket.这就意味着采购需要与供应市场的最新情况同步。Text1Purchasing3．Suppliersplayacriticalroleinsupportingafirm’scompetitivestrategy,whetheritiscostleadership,differentiation,oramixedstrategy.供应商在支持企业的竞争战略上可以扮演极其重要的角色，不管这种战略是成本领先、差异化或是二者的混合。Text1Purchasing4．Decisionsaboutwhetheraproducerofgoodsorserviceswillinsourceoroutsourcearealsocalledmake-or-buydecisions.有关一个生产者会自己生产或者外包其产品或服务的决策也称为生产或购买决策。Text1Purchasing5．Therefore,itisnecessarytocalculatecostsamongalternativesandconsideritsresourcesandopportunitycost.Finally,someotherstrategicissuesalsoneedtobetakenintoaccount.因此，有必要在不同的可选项之间，计算各自的成本，考虑其资源和机会成本。最后，一些其它的战略因素也需要考虑在内。Text1PurchasingExercisesⅠPairwork：talkingfacetoface,andthinkitover,discussthefollowingquestions.1．Whatispurchasing?2．Whatarethemaintasksforapurchasingmanager?3．Priceistheonlyvariableconcernedbypurchasingmanagers,isn’tit?Text1Purchasing4．Canpurchasingplayaroleinsupportingafirm’sstrategicsuccess?5．Whatrequiresthatpurchasingassumemoreresponsibility?6．Howdoyouunderstandtheroleofpurchasing?7．Howtomanagethesupplierseffectively?8．Howtoreducethepurchasingcost?Text1PurchasingⅡComprehension：True/False/NotMentioned.1．Purchasingissimplybuyingthegoodsneededbyfirmsororganizations.2．Meetingtherequirementsofinternalusersisthetraditionalroleofpurchasing.3．Nowadayspriceisnotimportantanymoreforpurchasing.Text1Purchasing4．Itisnecessarytodevelopandmaintaincloserelationshipswithotherfunctionalgroupswithintheorganization.5．Purchasingneedstoknowthelatestconditioninsupplymarket.6．Whenasupplier’scomponentsaredefective,thepurchasingdepartmentwillsolvetheproblemssolely.7．Supplierscannotplayaroleinsupportingafirm’scompetitivestrategy.Text1Purchasing8．Firmswillonlypurchasegoodsorservicewhichtheycannotproduceorprovide.9．Make-or-buydecisionsareusuallyobviousandcleartoanswerformanagers.10．Comparingthedifferenceinrelevantcostbetweenthealternativesishelpfultomakeoutsourcingdecisions.Text1PurchasingⅢChoosethebestanswertoeachofthefollowingquestions.1．Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?（）a.Howtopurchase