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多寡头竞争的Stackelberg博弈模型研究ARESEARCHABOUTSTACKELBERGGAMEMODELOFTHEMULTIPLEOLIGOPOLISTICCOMPETITION专业：2010信息与计算科学姓名：王伟指导教师姓名：申请学位级别：学士论文提交日期：2014年6月12日学位授予单位：天津大学摘要寡头竞争问题是经济学市场理论的一个非常重要的课题，比较经典的寡头模型就是传统的双寡头的古诺模型和斯坦克伯格模型，也是博弈论中最早的研究对象。但在现实生活中，寡头竞争问题就不再是简单的双寡头模型，更多的是多个寡头同时存在。这就有必要建立多寡头模型，分析寡头之间的博弈情况以及利润情况，找出寡头数目对寡头行为的影响，并得出其各自的纳什均衡解。本文就古诺模型和斯坦克伯格模型两个模型在多寡头竞争的情况下，分别从一个领导者多个追随者和多个领导者、多个追随者的角度来研究，建立模型。与古诺模型作比较，指出寡头数目变化下的寡头的利润决策。除此之外，并对不完全信息下的双寡头斯坦克伯格博弈模型进行分析和研究，得出斯坦克伯格模型中的领导者为了拥有先动优势，需要付出一定的代价。并加入案例分析，来验证结论。关键词：古诺模型；斯坦克伯格模型；纳什均衡；先动优势ABSTRACTTheproblemofoligopolisticcompetitionisaveryimportanttopicinthemarkettheoryofeconomic,theclassicoligopolymodelincludethetraditionalmodelofCournotduopolymodelandStackelbergduopolymodel,itisalsotheearliestresearchobjectinthetheoryofgame.Butinreallife,theproblemofoligopolisticcompetitionisnolongerasimpleduopolymodel,therearethemostoligarchswhichjoinagame.Itisnecessarytoestablishamodeloftheoligarchs,analyzingtheprofitsoftheoligarchs,andfindingouttheinfluenceofthenumberofoligarchtothebehaviorofoligarch,thentheirrespectiveNashequilibriumareobtained.Inthispaper,theCournotmodelandStackelbergmodelarethemodelofmoreoligarchs,respectivelyfromamodelaboutaleaderandmultiplefollowersandanothermodelaboutmultipleleadersandmultiplefollowerstoestablishmodel.ComparingtoCournotmodel,pointingouttheprofitsofoligarchonthechangeofthenumberofoligarch.Beyondthat,analyzingandstudyingthemodelofduopolyStackelbergundertheincompleteinformation,itisconcludedthattheleaderofmodelofStackelberghavethefirst-moveradvantagesandneedtopayaprice.Andjoinacasetoverifytheconclusion.Keywords:Cournotmodel;Stackelbergmodel;Nashequilibrium;pioneeradvantage目录1绪论.......................................................................................................11.1相关文献对斯坦克伯格博弈模型的研究.......................................11.2本论文的研究内容...........................................................................11.3本论文的研究目的...........................................................................12博弈论的相关知识..............................................................................32.1博弈论的基本概念...........................................................................32.2博弈论的成长历程...........................................................................32.3博弈的类型、要素和概念...............................................................53纳什均衡理论......................................................................................63.1纳什均衡的概念和分类...................................................................63.2纳什均衡在经济学中的应用...........................................................63.3纳什均衡理论的扩展.......................................................................74完全信息博弈......................................................................................84.1完全信息静态博弈的相关概念.......................................................84.2完全信息动态博弈的相关概念.......................................................85一个领导者和多个追随者的斯坦克伯格模型与古诺模型的分析....95.1斯坦克伯格博弈模型的基本概念...................................................95.2建立数学模型...................................................................................95.3得出结论..........................................................................................135.4加入案例分析.................................................................................146多个领导者和多个追随者的斯坦克伯格模型与古诺模型的分析..176.1建立相关数学模型.........................................................................176.2推导相关定理.................................................................................186.3得出结论..........................................................................................206.4加入案例分析.................................................................................207不完全信息博弈..................................................................................257.1不完全信息静态博弈的概念及案例.............................................257.2不完全信息动态博弈的概念及案例.............................................258不完全信息下的双寡头斯坦克伯格模型..........................................278.1模型的假设条件.............................................................................278.2建立模型..........................................................................................278.3得出结论..........................................................................................329家电市场的例证分析..........................................................................339.1家电市场的简单阐述.....................................................................339.2几家龙头家电企业的收入和利润情况.........................................339.3分析数据..........................................................................................389.4结合上述所得的理论进行例证分析.............................................39全文总结...................................................................................................40参考文献...................................................................................................41致谢...........................................................................................................42天津科技大学2014届本