project-sustainable-development

Project11Theneedsoffuturegenerationsarebeingmetbycurrentpoliciesofsustainabledevelopment.Towhatextentdoyouagreewiththisstatement.Thesustainabledevelopmentproblemsarebecomingafocusodconcerntothepublic.Sustainabledevelopmentmeans“meetstheneedsofthepresentwithoutcompromisingtheabilityoffuturegenerationstomeettheirownneeds”(Graciela,1997).Thequestionthatwhethertheexistingsustainabledevelopmentpoliciescanmeettheneedsoffuturegenerationshasledtoawidespreaddispute.Inviewofthis,thepaperliststheproblemsappearingduringthedevelopmentoftheworldnowandcitesseveralnationalpolicies.Intheend,thepapersummarizestheinfluenceofthesepoliciesonthenextgeneration.Foodshortageshavebecomeapotentialthreattothedevelopmentoftheworld.Asisrevealedinthelatestdata（Robert，2004）,approximately842millionpeopleareinastateofstarvationinthelongterminnowadays,amongwhichthedevelopingcountriesaccountfor94%andthemostseriousfoodshortagesoccurcentrallyintheSouthofSaharaninAfrica（Robert，2004）.Thisunbalancedsituationdemonstratesfastergrainconsumptionthanitsproductionintheworldandthegreatdifferencesbetweenvariousregions.Inviewofthis,thefinancialassistanceisprovidedtothecountriessufferingfromlowincomeandfoodshortagesornaturaldisasters,likeZambiaandSudan(Clay,2003).ThroughthecooperationbetweenWFP(WorldFoodProgramme),aninternationalorganization,anddevelopedcountriesintheglobe.While,thepricesubsidypolicyadoptedbydevelopedcountriesliketheEuropeanUnion,isfundedbythegovernmentforprovisionofloanstosupportagriculturalproductsinthecountry,whichisintendedtoencouragethedevelopmentofagriculture(Chaffin,2011).However,boththefinancialassistanceandthepricesubsidypolicyimprovethesituationintheshortterm.Apparently,neitherofthemcansatisfytheneedsoffuturegenerations,whichcannotbedeemedaslong-termsolutions.Owingtothefinancialassistance,theagriculturaldevelopmentintherecipientcountrieswillnotwanttodealwiththeproblembythemselves,andbeignoredtoacertainextent(Carlo,Paul&Kalanidhi,2007).ThepricesubsidypolicyProject12indeedpromotesthegrainproduction,butmostimportantly,itleadstotheblindexpansionofproductionandhighagriculturalsubsidieswillbringhugefinancialburdens(Michae,2002).Glory(2010)believesthatthetwomosteffectivewaytosolvethefoodproblemistoincreasefoodproductionandreducefoodlosses.Thedevelopedcountriesshouldmakeabalancebetweenthesupplyanddemandofgraininthefuture,includingprotectionofthecultivatedlandandagriculturaldevelopment.Ontheotherhand,thegovernmentindevelopingcountriesshouldestablishabetterfoodtransportationandstoragemechanismandhavebettercontroloverthemarketintermsoffoodimportationforinhibitionoftheadverseeffectscausedbytherisingfoodprices（Firth,2012）,thesesolutionsarethepositivewaystosolvefoodproblemsandmetthenextgenerations.Asanessentialpartoflife,energyismainlyoriginatedfromfossilfuels,thedominantenergyconsumptioninmostoftheindustrialcountriesanddevelopingcountries.Accordingtothestatistics,withanannualincreaseofapproximately5%from2,700mt(milliontonsofcoalequivalent)in1950,theworldenergyconsumptionhasreached6000mtcein1968,doublingevery15years（Surrey&Bromley，1973，p91）.However,naturalresourcesarelimitedandunrenewableinashortperiodoftime,whichmakesenergyconsumptionafocusoftheproblem.IntheEuropeanUnion,theEUemissionstradingsystemimposesheavytaxesontheenterprisesandfactorieswhosesolidwastesandgaseousemissionsexceedacertainlimitresultingfromcombustionoffossilfuelinordertoreducetheirdependenceonfossilfuels.Asaconsequence,manyEuropeancountrieshavebecomeincreasinglydependentonrenewableenergy-useofwindorhydroelectricpower,inthepast5years（Rosenthal，2010）.Asamatteroffact,thetaxpolicyiseffectiveinashortperiodoftimewhichcanforcefactoriesuselessfossilfuels.However,duetothehighpriceofrenewableenergy,mostofenterpriseshaveatendencytousefossilfuels,andnotusefulforlong-termdevelopment.Therefore,forthedevelopmentofthenextgeneration,closeattentionshallbegivenbythegovernmenttodeveloptherenewableenergywhichisfeaturedwithbettercleaningandrenewabilitycomparedwiththetraditionalenergyProject13resources.Theincreasinginvestmentbythegovernmentonrenewableenergyresearcheswillresultinthereducedpriceofcleanenergyandfinallymakeitgenerallyacceptableforenterprisestomakeuseoftherenewableenergy（Alisonetal）,thatisthebestwayforsustainabledevelopment.Theenvironmentinwhichhumanbeingslivehasencounteredgreatchallengesinthelasttenyears.Whileseekingeconomicdevelopment,moreandmorepeoplebeginfocusontheenvironmentalissues,amongwhichwaterpollutionisoneofthemostworryingissues.Accordingtothelatestdata,approximatelymorethan420billionm3ofpollutedwaterisdrainedtorivers,lakesandseasaroundtheworldannuallyandcontaminated5.5trillionm3offreshwater,whichisequivalenttomorethan14%ofthetotalglobalrunoff(Renéetal,2010).Therefore,multiplenationsaretryingtoimplementvariouspoliciesinordertocontrolwaterpollution.InChina,drainageofindustrialwasteshasbecomethemaincauseofwaterpollution.Forprotectionofwaterresources,theChinesegovernmentissuedapolicyin2000thatthewastesproducedbyallthefactoriesmustbepurifiedtomeetacertainstandardbeforedrainage(Ji