中低轨道卫星通信技术与应用

(),.,,,.,,,.,.1985,MotorolaBarryBertigyCaribbean,,.,,,.2080,.,,.,,.,,,..,,.,,.,,,,.(Iridium)Motorola,66.,,,.:,,,,.1998947,.ORBCOMMTeleglobeOrbitalScience.,..48,199835.(GlobalStar)(Loral)(Qualcomm),48.,CDMA,199910.ICO,2003.LEOONEORBCOMM,LockheedMartin.2002,OR2BCOMM.TeledesicCraigMaCawBillGates,,.288,2005.208090,,.,.,.,,.ORBCOMM:,.,,,.,,96242,,,.,.:,,.,.,,.1999,50,,4.ICO19998,14,.ORBCOMM20009,8,,2.4;,.,490.20.11,,.36,,5..2090,,,.,.,,,.,,.2060IntelSat.,.,,.,Inmarsat,,,,,,.,,.ORBCOMM,,,,.,,ICO.,?,???.1.,,.,.,,,,,.,.,,,MDSS,,,,,;,,,,,;,,,.,.,,(10000750km),,07ZiranZazhiVol.24No.2,.(LVHFUHF),,,,.,.2.,,.,,.,.,,,.,,,,.,,,,,,,...,,,.,2000.(SatelliteIndustryAssociation,SIA)900,2000810,199917%,44.,,.,,.,,,.3.,.,.,,,.,.LVHFUHF,,.,ORB2COMMDCAAS()VHFUHF.,,,..GLOBALSTARL,.,,.,,,.2.4kbps,10kbps.,3.55,5500.,,,,.,.GLOBALSTAR.ORBCOMM,GLOBALSTAR.ORBCOMM,,ORBCOMM,,,ORBCOMM,,,.OR2BCOMM.20009ORBCOMM.ORBCOMM.4.,17242,.,,.,,.,,..(),,,,.,,DirecTV50%..,,.ICO,CraigMaCaw12,ICO,ICOTeledesic,.LockheedMartinLEOONE,2003.,,,.ORBCOMM,.,,9.11,,.,,.1.,,.,,,.,,,,.,,.,,,.,,,,.,,,.2.,,,.,,.,,.,,.,,,,,.3.,.,;,;,,.,.5500,2.4kbps10kbps.,,,.(Teldesic).,,,27ZiranZazhiVol.24No.2.,,,,.,Internet.,,.,.,,,,,.4.,ORBCOMM,19981.6,.,,,.,.,.,,,,.,.MDSS..OR2BCOMM,.LEOONE,.5.,,.,.,,.,.LockheedMartin,.,,.,27200,.,.6.35,,.ORBCOMM,4000,5,1,.,,.,,,,.,.,..,,,,.,.,,,,,.,,.,.,.,,..37242(kbps)(GHz)(s)()Iridium1010780km(LEO)661.621.620.11998Globalstar9.69.61410km(LEO)481.621.620.11999Orbcomm2.44.89.6850km(LEO)440.1490.1380.41998Leoone2.42.49.6950km(LEO)480.1490.1380.62003NewIco646410390km(MEO)102.192.000.22003Skybridge2000200001469km(LEO)8013.611.70.12003Teledesic2000640001350km(LEO)28828.919.10.12003,,,200030,,200030,,2000301.http:PP:PP:55YukariIwatani.Satellitefirmsresurrecteddespitechallenges.Reuters,2001:216..:,20007.8..,2001;(33):12CommunicationTechnologyandApplicationofMid2dle2Earth2Orbit(MEO)SatelliteandLowEarthOr2bit(LEO)SatelliteMaireWu,YangJing2yu,WangXiao2dieMaster,SeniorEconomist,Engineerer,andResearchProfessor,SinocommLtd.,Shanghai200030KeywordsMEO,littlesatellite,satellitecommunication,industry(,),.,.,..,10.,[1].,,,.,(MBE)(LPCVD)(LAD)(SEG),,(InAsInGaAs)(SiGe)(GaNInGaN),,[2][3][4]MOS[5][6](CCD)[7].,,,47ZiranZazhiVol.24No.2