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高中英语课件（金戈铁骑整理制作）Unit1LivingWellDiscoveringusefulstructuresRevisionoftheInfinitive不定式由“to+动词原形”构成,其否定形式是“not/nevertodo”,不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语,没有人称和数的变化,但有时态和语态的变化。不定式可以作主语、宾语、状语、表语和定语，但不能单独作谓语。不定式的逻辑主语有时用“for+名词或代词宾格”构成。不定式一.结构:todo(否定)not/nevertodo二.时态与语态主动语态被动语态一般式进行式完成式完成进行式不定式todotobedonetobedoingtohavedonetohavebeendonetohavebeendoing--------------------(1).Theypretendednottoseeus.(2).Hepretendedtobesleeping.(3).Shepretendedtohaveknownitbefore.(一般式表示与谓语的动作同时/几乎/发生在它之后.)(在谓语动词发生的同时,不定式的动作也正在进行)(完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前)(4).We’rehappytohavebeenworkingwithyou.(完成进行式表示谓语动作发生之前,不定式的动作一直在进行而且可能之后也继续)1.Iaskedhimtoattendthemeeting.2.HeseemstobereadingEnglishpoems.3.HeissaidtohavetranslatedthebookintoEnglishlastyear.Zxx/k（toattendthemeeting动作发生在ask后)（seem和read同时发生,强调动作正在进行）（translatethebook发生在besaid之前）我要求他出席会议。他似乎正在读英语诗歌。据说他去年就把那本书翻译成英语。1.作主语2.作宾语3.作宾语补足语4.作定语5.作状语6.作表语7.作独立成分8.与疑问词等连用三.用法/功能Toseeistobelieve.It’simportanttolearnEnglishwell.(1).主语•单个不定式作主语时,谓语动词用单数•若不定式太长,往往用it作形式主语,不定式置后.1.爱和被爱都是最大的幸福。_______________arebothgreathappiness.Toloveandtobeloved2.和他谈话是一件非常愉快的事。TotalkwithhimisagreatpleasureItisagreatpleasuretotalkwithhim..3.Allyouhavetodois______________（完成）thejobquickly.1.Myjobtohelpthepatients.如果主语部分有do的各种形式，用作表语的不定式可省略to(2).表语系动词be,seem,appear,get,remain2.Yourtasktocleantheclassroom.isis(to)finish我们的计划是在两周内完成这现工作。Ourplanistofinishtheworkintwoweeks.Iwanttogohome.Theworkersdemandedtogetbetterpay.Ifounditnecessarytotalktohimagain.(3)宾语（动宾；it做形宾；介宾)think/consider/findit+adj.+todo常用动词不定式作宾语的动词有：hope,refuse,learn,setoutchoose,decide,agree,manage,pretend,plan.真宾有的动词后既能接动名词又能接不定式作宾语，且意义上有的有区别，有的没区别。有区别的有：remember/forget/regrettodo(指动作当时尚未发)remember/forget/regretdoing(指动作已经发生)goontodo(接着做另外一件事)goondoing(接着做同一件事)trytodo(设法,努力去做,尽力)trydoing(试试去做,看有何结果)________stoptodo(停止手中事,去做另一件事)stopdoing(停止正在做的事)zx/xkmeantodo(打算做,企图做)meandoing(意思是,意味着)can’thelptodo(不能帮忙做)can’thelpdoing(忍不住要做)不定式用在介词but,except,besides后时,如果这些介词前有行为动词do的各种形式,那么介词后的不定式不带to,相反则带to.(1).Shecoulddonothingbut_______(cry）.(2).Ihavenochoicebut__________（go）.(3).crytogoWhatdoyoulikebesides____________________?towatchTV看电视Theteachertoldmetocleantheblackboard.Iexpectyoutogivemesomehelp.(4).宾补五看watchseelookatobservenotice三使letmakehave二听listentohear一感觉:feelwarn,tell,allow,help,ask,force等用todo作宾补的词：e.g.Imadehimdohiswork.Hewasmadetodohiswork(byme).注意1help后面的“to”可省去e.g.Theyoftenhelpthegrandmacarrywater.2see,hear,watch,feel,notice,lookat等表示感觉和let,make,have等表示使役的动词后面，不定式作宾语时要省“to”（注：被动语态不省to）(to)被动(5).作定语(常常表示将来的动作)1.不定式做定语时常放在被修饰的名词或代词之后Shewasverybusyandhadnotimetovisitherfriends.Ladiesandgentlemen,Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.2.当名词被thefirst,thelast,theonly等词以及形容词最高级修饰时eg:Sheisalwaysthefirsttocomeandthelasttoleave.Z.x.xk①②4.如果不定式是不及物动词,则后面需适当的介词Pleasepassmesomepapertowrite____.Shehasanicepentowrite_____.Heboughtaflatforthefamilytolive____.onwithin3.也可用在have…todo和therebe句型中。Thereisnoonetotakecareofher.Ihavenojewelrytowear.Hehadnomoneyandnoplacetolive.他没钱没地方住。注意：不定式所修饰的名词如果是time,place或way，不定式后面的介词习惯上要省去。5.Doyouhavealettertosend?Doyouhavealettertobesent?你有信要寄吗？你有信要我寄吗？6.不定式做定语与所修饰的词之间有三种关系：我有很多工作要做。Ihavealotofworktodo.他总是第一个起床。Heisalwaysthefirstonetogetup.我们都有上大学的机会。Weallhaveachancetogotocollege.(1)动宾关系(2)主谓关系(3)同位关系Hespokeloudly(soas/inorder)tobeheard.(6).作状语1.表示目的:to/inorderto/soasto2.表示原因不定式可以用在作表语的形容词后作状语,sorry,surprised,happy,glad,eager,angry,foolish,disappointed等。Weweresurprisedtohearthenews.我很高兴见到你。听到这个消息，我们很震惊。I’mglad/pleasedtoseeyou.3.结果状语:so+adj./adv.+astodo…such+adj.+n.+astodo…adj./adv.+enough+todotoo+adv./adj.+todo③Wehurriedtothestationonlytofindthetrainhadleft.Hewassofoolishastobelieveit.I’mtootiredtowalkanyfurthertonight.①②=Hewassuchafoolastobelieveit.=Hewasfoolishenoughtobelieveit.Onlytodo表意料之外的结果(7).独立结构•tobefrank,•tobehonest,Totellthetruth,Idon’tagreewithyou.类似的结构(8)不定式与疑问词who,which,when,how,what等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语等。Hedidn’tknow.说什么。(宾语)theproblemisveryimportant.(主语)如何解决Myquestionis.什么时候开始。(表语)注意：•在与why连用时，只用于why或whynot开头的简短疑问句中，后面紧跟的动词不定式不带to。Whynothavearest?whattosay_____________________________________Howtosolvewhentostart•关于不定式中的小品词to(1).不定式中的动词上文已出现过,下文要省略该动词.---Wouldyouliketogowithme?(2).不定式是tobe结构,be不可省.---Wouldyouliketobeateacher?I’dliketo.我想去。I’dliketobe.我想。---_____________---______________1.---Howdoyoudealwiththedisagreementbetweenthecompanyandthecustomers?---Thekey____theproblemistomeetthedemand____bythecustomers.A.tosolving,makingB.tosolving,madeC.tosolve,makingD.tosolve,made2.---Whatdoyouthinkoftheschool?----Itisaverygood_____.A.schooltostudyinB.schoolforchildrentostudyC.studyingschoolD.schooltostudy3.---Didyougetajob?---No,I___,butit’snouse.A.expectedB.triedtoC.managedtoD.planned4.Wefinditimpossibleforthework___aheadoftime.A.tofinishB.finishingC.beingfinishedD.tobefinished5.---IusuallygotoShanghaibytrain.----Whynot___therebyboatforachange?A.totrytogoB.trygoingC.totrygoingD.trytogo6.___aliving,shehadtoworkfrommorningtillnight.A.TomakeB.MadeC.MakingD.Tohavemade7.Iwouldratherstarvetodeaththan___forfood.A.begB.beggingC.beggedD.tobeg8.Th