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托福阅读词汇（地质学）geologist地质学家mineral矿物tectonics构造地质学ore矿石crust地壳deposit矿床mantle地幔platinum白金，铂core地核copper黄铜layer地层aluminum铝plate板块tin锡fault断层lead铅faultplane断层面zinc锌rift(crack;split)断裂mercury汞，水银disintegrationdecomposition分解sodium钠erosion腐蚀gem宝石igneousrock火成岩emerald绿宝石sedimentaryrock沉积岩ruby红宝石metamorphicrock变质岩glacier冰川quartz石英glacialdrift冰渍limestone石灰岩iceberg冰山marble大理石activevolcano活火山granite花岗岩extinctvolcano死火山lithogenous岩成的dormantvolcano休眠火山lithosphere岩石圈eruption火山喷发magma岩浆crater火山口lava火山岩浆cavity洞、腔volcanicdust火山尘crevice裂缝、缺口volcanicash火山灰massif山丘earthquake(tremor;seism)地震exogenous外生的seismic地震的silt泥沙seismology地震学scavenger食腐动物grain颗粒volatile不稳定的firn积雪resin树脂hydrologic水文的seep渗出elevation高处mudflat泥滩moraine冰渍dredge清淤terminal末期的、重点excrete排泄radiometric辐射度的estuary河口calcite方解石isotopic同位素的precipitation沉淀pebble卵石gravel砂砾、碎石percolate渗透