分词短语作状语讲解

分词短语作状语讲解分词短语作状语【知识点解析】分词或分词短语作状语时，可以表示时间、原因、结果、伴随、条件、让步、方式、伴随等。一、用作时间状语[典型例句]Seeingthecat,themouseranoff.见到猫，老鼠就跑了。Theworkfinished,hewenthome.工作做完后，他就回家了。[理解技巧]分词(短语)用作时间状语通常可转换成时间状语从句(引导时间状语的从属连词需根据句意来确定)，如上面两句也可转换成：When[Assoonas]themousesawthecat,itranoff.Aftertheworkwasfinished,hewenthome.分词短语作状语【知识点解析】[高考实例]When_______differentcultures,weoftenpayattentiononlytothedifferenceswithoutnoticingthemanysimilarities.(2006浙江卷)A.comparedB.beingcomparedC.comparingD.havingcompared【答案】C【解析】分词短语whencomparingdifferentcultures相当于时间状语从句whenwecomparedifferentcultures.分词短语作状语【知识点解析】[典型例句]Beingveryweak,shecouldn’tmove.她由于身体虚弱而不能行动。Hiscarbrokendown,hehadtowalk.他的车坏了，所以只好走路。Muchdiscouraged,shemovedontoLondon.她很沮丧，搬到了伦敦。[理解技巧]分词(短语)用作原因状语通常可转换成由as,because,since,nowthat等引导的原因状语从句，如：Asshewasveryweak,shecouldn’tmove.Becausehiscarwasbrokendown,hehadtowalk.Becauseshewasmuchdiscouraged,shemovedontoLondon.分词短语作状语【知识点解析】[高考实例](1)______withsomuchtrouble,wefailedtocompletethetaskontime.(2006四川卷)A.FacedB.FaceC.FacingD.Toface【答案】A【解析】facedwithsomuchtrouble可转换成原因状语从句becausewewerefacedwithsomuchtrouble.分词短语作状语【知识点解析】(2)______forthebreakdownoftheschoolcomputernetwork,Alicewasinlowspirits.(2006福建卷)A.BlamingB.BlamedC.ToblameD.Tobeblamed【答案】B【解析】现在分词短语blamedforthebreakdownoftheschool.computernetwork可转换成原因状语从句becauseshewasblamedforthebreakdownoftheschoolcomputernetwork.分词短语作状语【知识点解析】[典型例句]Workinghard,youwillsucceed.如果努力工作，你就可以成功。Addingthemallup,wecanfindtheanswer.如果把它们加起来，我们就可以得到答案。United,westand;divided,wefall.团结则存，分裂则亡。Givenmoretime,wecouldhavedoneitbetter.如果多给点时间，我们可以做得更好。[理解技巧]分词(短语)用作条件状语通常可转换成由从属连词if引导的条件状语从句，如上面几句也可转换成：分词短语作状语【知识点解析】Ifyouworkhard,youwillsucceed.Ifweaddthemallup,wecanfindtheanswer.Ifweareunited,westand;ifwearedivided,wefall.Ifwehadbeengivenmoretime,wecouldhavedoneitbetter.[高考实例]______time,he’llmakeafirst-classtennisplayer.(2003北京春)A.HavinggivenB.TogiveC.GivingD.Given【答案】D【解析】give与其逻辑主语he是动宾关系，用过去分词，故选D。分词短语Giventime可转换成条件状语从顺Ifheisgiventime。分词短语作状语【知识点解析】四、用作让步状语[典型例句]Livingmilesaway,heattendedthecourse.虽然住在几英里以外，他仍去上课。Defeated,heremainedapopularboxer.虽然被击败了，他仍是一个受欢迎的拳击手。[理解技巧]分词(短语)用作让步状语通常可转换成由从属连词though,although,nomatter…等引导的让步状语从句，如：Althoughhelivedmilesaway,heattendedthecourse.Thoughthewasdefeated,heremainedapopularboxer.分词短语作状语【知识点解析】[高考实例]Nomatterhowfrequently______,theworksofBeethovenstillattractpeopleallovertheworld.(2006广东卷)A.performedB.performingC.tobeperformedD.beingperformed【答案】A【解析】现在分词短语performed在此相当于theyareperformed。Nomatterhowfrequentlytheyareperformed的意思是“无论它们（指贝多芬的作品）被演奏多少次”。分词短语作状语【知识点解析】五、用作伴随状语[典型例句]Hesatinthechairreadinganewspaper.他坐在椅子上看报。Don’tyousittheredoingnothing?别什么也不干坐在那里。Hecamein,followedbyhiswife.他走了进来，后面跟着他的妻子。[理解技巧]理解“伴随状语”的关键是要理解“伴随”二字。分词(短语)用作伴随状语时，它表示的动作伴随句子谓语动作同时发生，即句子谓语所表示的动作为主要动作，分词短语所表示的动作伴随性的次要动作。分词短语作状语【知识点解析】[高考实例](1)Don’tsitthere______nothing.Comeandhelpmewiththistable.(2006湖北卷)A.doB.todoC.doingD.anddoing(2)Mycousincametoseemefromthecountry,______meafullbasketoffreshfruits.(2006安徽卷)A.broughtB.bringingC.tobringD.hadbrought分词短语作状语【知识点解析】(3)Wheneverhewasaskedwhyhewaslateforclass,hewouldanswercarelessly,always_____thesamething.(2006江苏卷)A.sayingB.saidC.tosayD.havingsaid(4)Weoftenprovideourchildrenwithtoys,footballsorbasketballs,_______thatallchildrenlikethesethings.(2006全国卷)A.thinkingB.thinkC.tothinkD.thought【答案】以上四题答案分别为CBAA。分词短语作状语【知识点解析】六、用作方式状语[典型例句]Heearnsalivingdrivingatruck.他靠开卡车谋取生。I’mreturningyouletterasrequested.我按要求给你退信。[理解技巧]分词(短语)用作方式状语与用作伴随状语的情形比较接近。有时用作方式状语的现在分词可以转换成bydoingsth.的结构，如上面第一句也可换成：Heearnsalivingbydrivingatruck.注：近几年高考对分词用作方式状语的情形考得较少。分词短语作状语【知识点解析】七、用作结果状语[典型例句]Hefired,killingoneofthepassers-by.他开枪了，打死了一个过路人。Hedied,leavinghiswifewithfivechildren.他死了，留下他妻子和五个儿子。[理解技巧]分词(短语)用作结果状语时，通常可转换成并列句，如上面两句也可转换成：Hefiredandkilledoneofthepassers-by.Hediedandlefthiswifewithfivechildren.Itrainedandrained,andvehicleswereboggedandbridgeswerewashedout.分词短语作状语【知识点解析】[高考实例](1)Heglancedoverather,______thatthoughshewastiny,sheseemedverywellputtogether.(2005广东卷)A.notingB.notedC.tonoteD.havingnoted【答案】A【解析】此句也可换成：Heglancedoveratherandnotedthatthoughshewastiny,sheseemedverywellputtogether.分词短语作状语【知识点解析】(2)Oilpriceshaverisenby32percentsincethestartoftheyear,_____arecordUS$57.65abarrelonApril4.(2005山东卷)A.havereachedB.reachingC.toreachD.tobereaching【答案】B【解析】此句也可换成：Oilpriceshaverisenby32percentsincethestartoftheyearandreachedarecordUS分词短语作状语【知识点解析】八、独立成分作状语。有些分词短语，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，称作独立成分。如：Generally/frankly/honestly/strictlyspeaking,judgingfrom/by,considering,supposing,taking...intoconsideration,totellthetruth,tobehonest,comparedwith/tomakethingsworseConsideringeverything,Johnisn’tsobadafterall.Supposingtherewasawar,whatwouldyoudo?提示：使用分词作状语时应注意以下几点。分词短语作状语【知识点解析】1）分词的独立主格结构（悬垂分词）分词作状语时分词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致。但如果分词的逻辑主语不是句子的主语时应该在分词前面加上其逻辑主语，即构成独立主格结构。独立主格结构通常由“名词或代词主格+分词”构成。Mr.Cookbeingawayfromhome,hiswifehastodoallthehousework.(原因状语)Workdone,theywentouttoplaybasketball.(时间状语)Therebeingnobuses,wehadtowalktogohome.Weatherpermitting,we’llgoforanoutingtomorrow.分词短语作状语【知识点解析】2)现在分词的时态，语态以及否定式：*d