intercultural-communication-10(1)

LectureXWarm-upQuestions:1.Whatdoestimemeantoyou?2.Doyouthinkthereisalwaysapropertimefordoingcertainthings(e.g.havingclasses,goingoutonadate,etc.)?3.Whatdoyouthinkofbeingpunctual?2.EnvironmentalLanguage1)Timea)MonochronicTimePeople(M-time)vs.PolychronicTimePeople(P-time)M-timePeopleP-timePeopledoonethingatatimedoanythingssimultaneouslyconcentrateonajobhighlydistractibleandsubjecttointerruptionseriousabouttimecommitmentsconsideranobjectivetobeachieved,ifpossiblelow-contextandneedinformationhigh-contextandalreadyhaveinformationcommittedtothejobcommittedtopeopleandhumanrelationshipadherereligiouslytoplanschangeplansoftenandeasilyconcernedaboutnotdisturbingothers;followrulesofprivacyandconsiderationmoreconcernedwiththosewhoarecloselyrelatedthanwithprivacyshowgreatrespectforprivateproperty;seldomborroworlendborrowandlendthingsoftenandeasilyemphasizepromptnessbasepromptnessontherelationshipaccustomedtoshort-termrelationshipshavestrongtendencytobuildlifetimerelationshipsb)CaseStudyMarthawasanAmericanhighschoolstudentwhowaschosentospendasummerinIndonesiaaspartofastudentexchangeprogram.Onemorning,afterbreakfast,shelookedatherwatchandaskedKetty,thedaughteroftheIndonesianexchangefamily,“Sowhataretheplansfortoday?Whatarewegoingtodo?”Kettyreplied,“Oh,Ididn’treallymakeanyplans.Mymothermightwantustogoshoppingwithherlater.Thenwe’llseewhatwefeellikedoing.Maybewecouldgodowntown.”Marthaanswered,“Whattimeisyourmomgoingshopping?”“Oh,whenevershe’sready.Areyougettingbored,Martha?Maybeweshouldsignupforoneofthoseguidedtoursofthecity.ThedowntownhotelshavethemforAmericantourists.Wouldyoulikethat?”“Oh,no,Idon’twanttobeatourist.Iwanttodojustwhatyoudo.IguessI’mjustusedtobeingbusyallthetime.It’shardformetogetusedtonothavingplans,”saidMartha.“Doesn’tifbotheryoutorusharoundsomuch?”askedketty.“No,IloveitwhenI’mbusy.Sittingaroundwastingtimemakesmenervous.Let’sgodosomething,Ketty.I’monlyherefortwomonths,afterall.Idon’twanttoleaveIndonesiafeelingthatIhaven’texperiencedasmuchasIcan.”Marthalookeddownatherwatchagainandsaid,Goodness,it’salmost11andallwe’vedoneissitaroundtalking!”Questions:2.WhatcanyoutellaboutMartha’sconceptoftime?3.WhatcouldyoudotomakeMarthafeelbetteragain?1.AreyouMarthatypeorKettytype?Discussion:Inmanyways,Martha’sconceptoftimeistypicallyAmerican.ManyAmericansbelievethattimeshouldbe“usedwisely”asmuchaspossible,thatis,usedtoaccomplishcertaingoals.InMartha’scase,hergoalwastoexperienceeverythingshecould.Toher,experiencingIndonesiameantrunningarounddoingmanythings.ButshemayhavemissedsomeimportantexperiencesofIndonesianlifebecauseshecouldnotslowdownandrelax.WehavelearnedfromKluckhohn’sculturaldimensionsthatAmericansaregenerallyfuture-oriented.PartoftheAmericanorientationtowardthefutureisthevalueplacedonaccomplishinggoals.Americansrushthroughthepresentinordertoaccomplishsomegoalforthefuture.AnotherexampleofAmericans’orientationtowardthefutureisthewaytheyvaluechange.IntheAmericanwayofthinking,newisalwaysbetterthanold.Otherculturesaremoreorientedtowardthepresentortowardthepast.Forexample,Ketty’sideaofwaitinguntillaterto“seewhatwefeellikedoing”showsapresentorientation.Theyemphasizelivinginthemoment.Theseculturestendtobemoreimpulsiveandspontaneousthanothersandhaveacasual,relaxedlifestyle.AlthoughMartha’sgoalwasto“experience”asmuchasshecouldinIndonesia,shedidn’tseemtothink“sittingaround”wasanimportantexperience.ThatisbecauseAmericansvaluedoing,oraction,morethansimplybeing.Theyare“action-oriented”,not“being-oriented”.Toavoidwastingtime,Americansplantheirtimeasmuchaspossible,andmeasureitcarefully.Inthecasestudy,Marthalookedatherwatchtwice,eventhoughshehadnoworryofbeinglate.Shefeltuncomfortablewithoutaplannedscheduleofthingstodo,asshehadbackhome.b)CaseStudyFollowingaretwostoriesabouttheuseoftime.OneistheexperienceofaChinesestudentinGermany.TheotheristheexperienceofapsychologistwhenhewasavisitingprofessoratauniversityoutsideRiodeJaneiro,studyingtimenorms.A)AChinesestudenttoldofhisexperienceofhouserentinginGermany.Afterdecidingtheplacehewantedtorent,hetalkedwiththelandladyoverthephonethathewastolookatthehouseat10o’clockthenextmorning.Thenthenextdayhearrivedbycarattheplaceat9:40.hepressedthedoorbell,expectingthewarmreceptionfromthelandlady.Quiteunexpectedly,thelandladysaidbehindthedoor:“Whyhaveyoucomeearlierthan10o’clockasweagreedyesterday?”leavingthesurprisedChinesestudentwaitingfor20minutes.Infact,theelderlylandladywasnotbusywithanythingwhenheknocked.whenitwastime,thelandladyopenedthedoorandwelcomedtheguest,asifnothinghappened.Theendofthestoryisthatthestudentrentedthehouseandbecameafriendofthelandlady’s.Question:1.IfyouweretheChinesestudent,wouldyougetupsetwiththelandlady?B)Myfirstdayofclasswasscheduledfrom10untilnoon.AsIlefthome,Iaskedsomeonethetime.Itwas9:05a.m.,whichallowedmetimetorelaxandlookaroundthecampusbeforemylecture.AfterwhatIjudgedtobehalfanhour,IglancedataclockIwaspassing.Itsaid10:20!Inpanic,Ibrokefortheclassroom,followedbygentlegreetingsfromunhurriedstudents,manyofwhom,Ilaterrealized,weremyown.Iarrivedbreathlesstofindanemptyroom.F