Unit612TheChineseCalendarReadingAWhatyearisitnow?TheChineseCalendarUnit63124715TheChineseCalendar3124715黄帝纪元423TraditionalFestivalSpringFestivalThe534TraditionalFestivalSpringFestivalThe534永和九年,岁在癸丑,暮春之初,会于会稽山阴之兰亭,修禊事也。群贤毕至,少长咸集。此地有崇山峻岭,茂林修竹;又有清流激湍,映带左右,引以为流觞曲水,列坐其次。虽无丝竹管弦之盛,一觞一咏,亦足以畅叙幽情。LanternFestivalShangsiFestivalDoubleThirdFestival645ColdFoodFestivalHanshiFestivalQingmingFestival756DragonBoatFestivalTanabataFestivalたなばたQixiFestivalQiqiaoFestival七夕867HungryGhostFestivalGhostFestivalYulanFestivalZhongyuanJieGuiJieMid-AutumnFestival978DoubleNinthFestivalChungYeungFestivalChong-yangFestivalWinterSolsticeHibernalsolsticeMidwinter1089LabaFestivalChineseNewYear'sEveFornottocausemisunderstandings11910EarthrotationMoonrevolutionEarthrevolutionDayMonthYearEclipticEquatorLunarorbit,Moon'spathLet’susreviewtime&astronomicalcontestfirst.121011Newmoon望Fullmoon朔131112月有阴晴圆缺Themoonmaybedimorbright,waxorwanePeoplemayhavesorroworjoy,benearorfarapartLunarMonth朔望月141213LunarMonth朔望月29.5308days151314回归年Tropicalyear365.2422days161415CalendarCalendarLunarSolarIslamicCalendarGregorianCalendar171516(太)阴阳历历(太)TraditionalChineseCalendarLunSolarCalendariChineseLunarCalendarFornottocausemisunderstandings181617阴阳历(合)ItcombinestheMoonrevolutionandtheEarthrevolution.阴阳合历里,既有阳历又有阴历,需要互相折中、互相协调,才会融为有机的一体。191718DigressionHowdoesthesunturnsaroundthegalaxywithmanyplanetsinthesolarsystem?Maybeitislikethese.201819WeallknowhowGregorianCalendarsetsaleapyear,right?So,doyouknow,howdoesIslamicCalendarorTraditionalChineseCalendarsetaleapyear?Backtocalendar,211920Ordinaryyear:365daysLeapyear:366daysOrdinaryyear:354daysLeapyear:355daysThereare12monthsinbothIslamicCalendar&GregorianCalendar,whateveritisordinaryyearorleapyear.FebruaryThetwelfthmonth222021Likethis:LeapmonthinIslamicCalendar&GregorianCalendarjustmeansthatthereisaleapdayinit.However,TraditionalChineseCalendarisn’t.Sohowisit?Let’swatchavideofirst.232122Ordinaryyear:12months,353,354,or355daysLeapyear:13months,383,384,or385daysAnewmonthTraditionalChineseCalendar24222324SolarTermsHereisaQuestion:252324WhatSolartermisitlately?SummerSolstice夏至SpringEquinoxSummerSolsticeAutumnEquinoxWinterSolsticeLet’swatchanothervideo.272526Whenwillasolartermcome?平气法在《时宪历》的中国历法中,节气是将冬至与下一个冬至之间的日期平均分成十二等分,称为中气。再把相邻中气之间的日期等分,称为节气。平均每月有一个中气与一个节气,统称为二十四节气,这种确定方法被称为平气法,每节气之间日期相同。Dividetheannualaverageinto24parts282627定气法从西洋教士定《时宪历》之后直至今日的“农历”,中国的“二十四节气”是根据太阳在回归黄道上的位置来定的。即在一个为360度圆周的“黄道”(一年当中太阳在天球上的视路径)上,以春分点为黄经0度起点,太阳在黄道上每运行15度为一个节气,每节气时间不均等,称为定气法。Whenwillasolartermcome?Accordingtotheearthrevolution292728HowdoesTraditionalChineseCalendarsetaleapyear?302829Wehave3points.1Newmoon2WinterSolstice3PrincipleTermsNewmoon朔Firstdayinamonthinlunarcalendar定朔方法并不致力于对农历大小月进行规律排布,其结果自然是大小月排布并没有看得见的规律,连大月和连小月都是有的。这项技术在隋唐时候已经是成熟技术,可以日常应用了。312930Inthepicture,whatdayisit?EleventhmonthinayearinlunarcalendarWinterSolstice323031333132PrincipleTermsPrincipleTermsPrincipleTermsSolarTermsSolarTermsSolarTerms中气中气中气节气节气节气24个节气大致对应一年中的12个月,平均每个月对应两个节气。古人认为这种变化是一种“气”。每月的前一个是“节”,叫“节气”;后一个是“中”,叫“中气”。所以每年一共有12节和12中。慢慢演变简称为24节气。3331PrincipleTermsPrincipleTermsPrincipleTermsSolarTermsSolarTermsSolarTerms中中中节节节24个节气大致对应一年中的12个月,平均每个月对应两个节气。古人认为这种变化是一种“气”。每月的前一个是“节”,叫“节气”;后一个是“中”,叫“中气”。所以每年一共有12节和12中。慢慢演变简称为24节气。PrincipleTerms中气无中置闰Ifthereisn’taPrincipleTermsinamonthinlunarCalendar,itwillbeareapmonth.343233两个中气之间的平均间隔30.44天29.53天ButthepremiseisthatWinterSolsticeshouldbeintheeleventhmonthinayearinlunarcalendar.Andthen,Ifthereisn’taPrincipleTermsinamonthinlunarCalendar,itwillbeaLeapmonth.353334冬至WinterSolstice岁年365.2422days353~385days363435Thusin19yearsinChinesecalendar,therewillbe7leapyears.还有更精确的:391年144闰373536所以,在很多人19岁的时候,基本上只能过1个生日In2017inGregoriancalendarSotheleapmonthisafterthesixthmonthinChineselunarcalendar.383637Forexample两个中气之间的平均间隔30.44天29.53天Why?393738Hereisatable.Why?393738Kepler'ssecondlawAphelionPerihelion403839远日点近日点413940Nowyoucanhaveasighofrelief.413940Andnowyouknowthat413940Digression2DoyouknowtheZodiac?424041Whichsignofthezodiacwereyouburnunder?DifferentfromZodiac,“星宫”inChinese,Constellationis“星座”inChinese.What’syoursign?What’syourstar?434142Inwesterncountries,PrincipleTermshas“anothername”called“Zodiac”.444243CelestialStem&TerrestrialBranch454344东方甲乙木南方丙丁火西方庚辛金北方壬癸水中央戊己土天干CelestialStem464445EastNorthSouthWestWeallknow:Doesithaveanyotherfunction?474546地支TerrestrialBranch子丑寅卯辰巳午未申酉戌亥4846471210265XX=60Itcyclesevery60years.265534494748孙中山就任中华民国临时大总统后,发布《改历改元通电》规定:“中华民国改用阳历,以黄帝纪元四千六百九年即辛亥十一月十三日,为中华民国元年元旦”。504849黄帝纪元4609年辛亥11月13日(1912年1月1日)作为中华民国元年元旦,但与黄帝纪年同用。51495026974609191247152018-+==5250512697Solar(&Lunar)Eclipse535152Also,itmaybelikethis:Solareclipse日食必发生在农历初一545253日环食日偏食日全食AnnualSolarEclipsePartialSolarEclipseTotalSolarEclipseBaily'sbeadsDiamondringLunareclipse月食必发生在农历十五十六555354PenumbraTotalLunarEclipseTotalLunarEclipse半影月全食月全食月偏食PartiallunarEclipse8月11日傍晚的日偏食我国北方大部分地区可以看见,18点半左右日偏食从我国东北最北端开始。19点半左右结束全程日偏食,我国东部一些地区会看见带偏食日落景观,我国大部分地区在日偏食发生时太阳处于近地平线位置,可以借助地景进行日偏食与地景合拍。7月28日,我国东部分可见月落带食,我国西部地区可观测全过程。2点24分27秒月亮开始进入地球本影,标志月全食开始。7月