设计某车间的梯形钢屋架1、设计资料1)某厂房跨度为24m,总长90m,柱距6m,屋架下弦标高为18m。2)屋架铰支于钢筋混凝土柱顶,上45柱截面400×400,混凝土强度等级为C30。3)屋面采用1.5×6m的预应力钢筋混凝土大型屋面板。(屋面板不考虑作为支撑用)。4)该车间所属地区为沈阳市,其雪荷载为0.55kN/m25)钢材选用Q345钢,焊条为E50型。6)采用梯形钢屋架,考虑静载:①预应力钢筋混凝土屋面板(包括嵌缝)1.4kN/m2②二毡三油加绿豆沙0.4kN/m2③找平层2cm厚0.4kN/m2④保温层1.0kN/m2⑤支撑重量0.384kN/m2考虑活载:活载(雪荷载)0.7kN/m22、屋架形式和几何尺寸屋面材料为大型屋面板,故采用无檩体系平破梯形屋架。屋面坡度i=(3040-1990)/10500=1/10;屋架计算跨度L0=24000-300=23700mm;端部高度取H=1990mm,中部高度取H=3190mm,下端起拱50mm。屋架几何尺寸如图所示:1990135022902590289031902608285931193370253528593129339615091508150AacegIBCDFGHI15008=12000×150815081508150815081508起拱50Aa+4.730.000-8.72-13.53-15.26-14.71-14.71-8.87-5.44-2.46+0.02-1.08+6.88+3.70+1.11-1.08-1.0-1.0-1.0-0.5+11.53+14.65+15.17+15.17cegIBCDEFGHI0.51.01.01.01.01.01.01.01.024米跨屋架几何尺寸24米跨屋架全跨单位荷载作用下各杆件的内力值Aacegg'e'c'a'+3.480.000-6.25-9.04-9.17-7.38-6.09-7.38-4.49-2.470.000.00-6.53-3.14+0.71+1.55+1.39+1.56+1.80+2.12+4.76+1.90-0.45-2.47-1.53-1.75-2.03-2.34-1.0-1.0-1.00.00+0.970.000.00-0.5+8.0+9.34+8.44+5.31+6.73+3.53+1.25BCDEFGHIH'G'F'E'D'C'B'A'0.51.01.01.01.01.01.01.01.0Ii24米跨屋架半跨单位荷载作用下各杆件的内力值3、支撑布置由于房屋长度有90米,故在房屋两端及中间设置上、下横向水平支撑和屋架两端及跨中三处设置垂直支撑。其他屋架则在垂直支撑处分别于上、下弦设置三道系杆,其中屋脊和两支座处为刚性系杆,其余三道为柔性系杆。桁架及桁架上弦支撑布置桁架及桁架下弦支撑布置桁架支撑布置图符号说明:SC上——上弦支撑;XC——下弦支撑;CC——垂直支撑;GG——刚性系杆;LG——柔性系杆4、屋架节点荷载屋面坡度较小,故对所有荷载均按水平投影面计算:荷载计算表荷载名称标准值(KN/m^2)预应力钢筋混泥土屋面板1.4二毡三油加绿豆沙0.4找平层2cm厚0.4保温层1.0屋架及支撑重量0.12+0.011×24=0.384永久荷载总和3.584屋面活载0.7可变荷载总和0.7计算屋架时考虑下列三种荷载组合情况1)满载(全跨静荷载加全跨活荷载)节点荷载①由可变荷载效应控制的组合计算:取永久荷载γG=1.2,屋面活荷载γQ1=1.4,屋面积灰荷载γQ2=1.4,ψ2=0.9,则节点荷载设计值为F=(1.2×3.584+1.4×0.70)×1.5×6=47.53kN②由永久荷载效应控制的组合计算:取永久荷载γG=1.35,屋面活荷载γQ1=1.4、ψ1=0.7,屋面集灰荷载γQ2=1.4,ψ2=0.9,则节点荷载设计值为F=(1.35×3.584+1.4×0.7×0.70)×1.5×6=49.7kN故应取P=49.7kN2)全跨静荷载和(左)半跨活荷①由可变荷载效应控制的组合计算:取永久荷载γG=1.2,屋面活荷载γQ1=1.4,屋面集灰荷载γQ2=1.4,ψ2=0.9全垮节点永久荷载:F1=(1.2×3.584)×1.5×6=38.7kN半垮节点可变荷载:F2=1.4×0.70×1.5×6=8.8kN②由永久荷载效应控制的组合计算:取永久荷载γG=1.35,屋面活荷载γQ1=1.4、ψ1=0.7,屋面集灰荷载γQ2=1.4,ψ2=0.9垂直支撑1-1垂直支撑2-2全垮节点永久荷载:F1=(1.35×3.584)×1.5×6=43.5kN半垮节点可变荷载:F2=1.4×0.7×0.70×1.5×6=6.2kN3)全跨屋架和支撑自重、(左)半跨屋面板荷载、(左)半跨活荷载+集灰荷载①由可变荷载效应控制的组合计算:取永久荷载γG=1.2,屋面活荷载γQ1=1.4,屋面集灰荷载γQ2=1.4,ψ2=0.9全跨屋架和支撑自重:F3=1.2×0.384×1.5×6=4.1kN半跨屋面板自重及半跨活荷载:F4=(1.2×1.4+0.7×1.4)×1.5×6=27.8kN②由永久荷载效应控制的组合计算:取永久荷载γG=1.35,屋面活荷载γQ1=1.4、ψ1=0.7,屋面集灰荷载γQ2=1.4,ψ2=0.9全跨屋架和支撑自重:F3=1.35×0.384×1.5×6=4.7kN半跨屋面板自重及半跨活荷载:F4=(1.35×1.4+1.4×0.7×0.7)×1.5×6=27.8kN5﹑屋架杆件内力计算杆件名称内力系数(F=1)杆件内力全跨左半跨右半跨最大计算拉力最大计算压力上弦杆AB00000BC,CD-8.72-6.25-2.47-433.4DE,EF-13.53-9.04-4.49-672.4FG,GH-15.26-9.17-6.09-758.4HI-14.71-7.38-7.38-731.1下弦杆ac4.733.481.25235.1ce11.538.03.53573.0eg14.659.345.31728.1gi15.178.446.73753.9斜腹杆aB-8.87-6.53-2.34-440.8Bc6.884.762.12341.9cD-5.44-3.14-2.03-270.4De3.701.901.80183.9eF-2.460.71-1.758.5-122.3Fg1.11-0.451.5658.0-6.93gH0.021.55-1.5337.19-8.58Hi-1.08-2.471.396.78-63.61竖腹杆Aa-0.500-0.5000.000-24.9Cc-1.000-1.0000.000-49.7Ee-1.000-1.0000.000-49.7Gg-1.000-1.0000.000-49.7Ii0-0.970.9706﹑选择杆件截面按腹杆最大内力Nab=-440.8KN,查表9.6.4选中间节点板厚度为10mm,支座节点板厚度12mm。1)上弦杆整个上弦杆采用等截面,按最大内力NFG,GH=--758.4KN计算在屋架平面内:为节间轴线长度,即lox=l。=150.8cm,loy=301.6cm=0.659Areq则A=N/f=758400/(0.659×310×100)=37.124cm2假定=70ixreq=lox/=150.8/70=2.54cmiyreq=loy/=301.6/70=5.08cm由附表8选2┗125×80×10,短肢相并,如下图所示,A=2×19.71=39.42cm2、ix=2.26cm、iy=6.04cm截面验算:x=lox/ix=150.8/2.26=66.7[]=150(满足)y=loy/iy=301.6/6.04=49.9[]=150(满足)双角钢T形截面绕对称轴(y轴)应按弯扭屈曲计算长细比yzb1/t=12.5/1.0=12.50.56loy/b1=0.56×301.6/12.5=13.51,则:yz=3.7*b1/t(1+l2oy2t/52.7b12)=3.7×14(1+301.62×0.82/52.7×12.54)=54.1〈x故由max=x=66.7查附表1.2得=0.686由N/A=758.4×1000/(0.686×39.42×100)=280.45N/2mmf(满足)故上弦杆采用2┗125×80×10截面形式2)下弦杆整个下弦杆采用等截面,按最大内力Ngi=753.9KN计算lox=300cmloy=237/2=118.5cm,Anreq=N/f=753.9×1000/(310×100)=24.32cm2由附表9选2┗110×70×8短肢相并A=27.89cm2,ix=1.984cm,iy=5.41cmnA/N==753.9×103/(27.89×102)=270.31N/2mmf(满足)x=lox/ix=300/1.984=151.2[]=350(满足)y=loy/iy=1185/5.41=1219.0[]=350(满足)故下弦杆采用2┗110×70×8短肢相并3)腹杆①、aB杆N=-440.8KN,lox=0.8×253.5=202.8cm,loy=253.5cm选用2┗90×6长肢相并查附表9得:A=21.274cm2,ix=2.79cm,iy=4.13cmx=lox/ix=253.5/2.79=73[]=150(满足)y=loy/iy=253.5/4.13=61[]=150(满足)因为b2/t=7/0.8=8.750.48loy/b2=0.48*253.5/7=17.38按式yz=y[1+(1.09b42)/(l2oy2t)]=88.9×[1+1.09×74/(253.52×0.82)]=94yzx,由yz查附表1.2得x=0.732则A/N440.8×1000/(0.732×21.274)=283.84N/2mm310(满足)故aB杆采用2┗90×6长肢相并②、eF杆NcB=49.7KN,lox=0.8L=0.8*259=207.2cm,loy=259cm选用2┗50×4A=7.79cm2,ix=1.54cm,iy=2.43cmx=lox/ix=208.6/1.54=135[]=350(满足)y=loy/iy=260.8/2.43=107[]=350(满足)查表x=0.365则A/N497×1000/(0.365×7.79)=174.79N/2mm310(满足)90×650×44)竖杆Aa杆N=-24.9KN,lox=loy=L=200.5cm选用2┗63×5A=2×6.14=12.28cm2,ix=1.94cm,iy=2.89cmx=lox/ix=200.5/1.94=103.35[]=150(满足)y=loy/iy=200.5/2.89=69.38[]=150(满足)查附表1.2得=0.536,则:nA/N==24.9×103/(0.536×12.28×102)=37.8N/2mmf(满足)②Cc.Ee.GgNCc=NEe=NGg=-49.7KN内力大小相同,选用长细比较大的竖杆Gg进行设计,可保证其他竖杆的安全。则:lox=0.8L=0.8×289=231.2cm,loy=L=289cm选用2┗50×4A=7.79cm2,ix=1.54cm,iy=2.43cmx=lox/ix=231.2/1.54=150[](满足)y=loy/iy=289/2.43=119[](满足)查附表1.2得=0.328,则:nA/N==49.7×103/(0.328×7.79)=194.5N/2mmf(满足)杆件截面选择杆件名称内力设计值/kN截面规格截面面积/cm2计算长度/cm容许长细比[λ]计算应力σ/(N/mm2)loxloyFH758.42L200×125×1239.42150.75301.6150262.93gi753.92L110×70×827.89300.00119.