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TheDifferencesBetweentheMiddleAgesandtheRanaisanceonEducationMostpepopleregardtheMiddleAgesasadarkperiod.BecausepeopleinthattimedideverythingforGodwhowasthecenterofpeople’slife.TheyhadtoobeythereligiouspriciplessothattheycouldgotoHeavenaftertheydied.AsChurchstandedforGod,itcontroledpeople’smindandtaughtthemtobelieveinGodcompletely.Asthegovernmentdidn’tcareabouteducation,sothechurchesplayedtheroleofprimaryandmiddleschools.Theprieststaughtchildrentoreadandwrite,buttheirmajorpurposewastoteachchildrentobelieveinGod.SothemostimportanttextbookwasBibleandteachingmethodwassimplewhichcorporalpublishmentisallowed.Beacausepeoplethoughttheyhadsin.RetrainandpublishmentwerethemajorcharactersoftheeducationoftheMiddleAges.However,therewerestilltwokindsofseculareducation:palaceschoolsandknightschools.Palaceschoolswereestablishedforaristocracy.Theylearnedsevenarts:grammarrhetoric,dialectical,count,geometry,astronomical,musicandreligion.Knighteducationwasaspecialfamilyeducation.Kninghtslearned“sevenskills(riding,swimming,throwspears,art,fencing,hunting,recitepoemsandchess-playing)”toservetheirhostandnobleladybetter.Whentheywere21yearsold,theycouldgetknighttitleofficiallythroughtheawardingceremony.Inthe12thcentury,withthedevelopmentofeconomyandestablishmentofFeudalsystem,theMiddleAgesuniversitiesoccured.ThatwasanbeginningofRanaisanceeducation.Forexample,GazalaiUnivesityestablishedinsouthItalityin1137.ExceptforGazalaiUniversity,severaluniversitieswerebuiltinEnglandandFrance.Forexample,OxfordUniversitywasbuiltin1168andCambrigeUniversitywasbuiltin1209.ParisUnivesitywasthefirstuniversitythatwasbuiltinFrance.Itwasaseminary.Tilltheendof13thcentury,thereweremorethan20universitiesinEurope.Theearlistuniversitieshadsomesimilarfeatures:1)Studentsadvocatedtoestablishuniversities.2)Universitieshadalotofself-authorities.3)Movingteaching.4)Lessoncontentswereuncertain.5)Focusingontheimprovementofcomprehensionofstudents.TheMiddleAgesUniversitiescouldbedevidedinto4types:thecollegeofliberalarts,lawschool,medicalschoolandtheologicalseminary.Seminarywasinthehigheststandardin11th-12thcenturywiththedevelopingofeconomyandwesterncitieswererebuilt.Ctizenclasswasconsistedofhandicraftworkersandmerchantswhichwerethepredecessorofthecapiltalistclass.Citienclassfightedfortheirprofitsandtheybuiltschoolstorealizetheirgoals.Akindofnewschoolsoccured----cityschools.Forexample,handicraftindustryguildbuiltguildschoolsandbusinessmanassociationbuiltschools.Cityschoolsbrokethecontrolofchurchsineducationandincreasedthecontentofeducation.Duringthe14th-16thcentury,duetothedevelopmentofhandicraftindustryandbusiness,thebudofcapitalismpromoted.Atthattime,decadentingfeudalforcesandthepowerofreligionhinderedthedevelopmentofproductiveforces.Thenewbourgeoisiefightaginstfeudalrulerswithabitterstruggle.ThestrugglewhichreflectesincultureandeducationisthegreatRenaissancemovement.ItisthesecondculturepeakperiodaftertheancientGreekandRomanTimes.TheRenaissancebourgeoisieadvocatedhumanisticeducationwhichrequiredtheliberationofpersonality,torestorethevalueofhuman,todevelopthehumanabilityandtofreethecontrolofpeople'sworldoutlook.Thereformationofhumanisticeducation’smainfeatureswerereflectedinthefollowingaspects:1.Intheeducationtarget:itopposedclergyeducationandproposedtheharmoniousdevelopmentbothinbodyandmindandpersonalityfortraininggoal.Itaskedschoolstopayattentiontosportsinordertocultivateteenagershealthybody,tocareabouttheaestheticeducationtoimprovestudentsaestheticabilityandtoconcernedwithscienceeducationandmoraleducation.2.Intheobjectofcultivation:itexpandedtheeducationobjectandemphasisedtherespectandconcernforchildren3.Intheeducationcontent:itencouragedhumanisticknowledgeinsteadoftheknowledgeofShinto.WiththeinfluenceofRenaissanceMovemen,theReligionRevolutionoccuredin16thwhichwasregardedasthecontinuationofitinreligion.Therevolutionsofreligiondidn’tmeantoabolishthereligion,buttorenewit.InReligionRevolution,thenewreligionweredividedintomanydifferentparts.Amongthem,however,Lutheranism,CalvinismandEnglandSectarianismhadthemostinfluenceonpeople.TheeducationideasofLutherGroupwerethatpeoplecanobtainanewlifefromtheirgenuinebeliefsandclaimedthatallthebelieverswerepriest.Lutherthoughtthatthegovermentshouldcontroltheschoolsinsteadofthechurches.Thegovermentshouldbetheverypersonwhocarryoutthecompulsoryeducation.Asthesame,Calvin’sthoughtswasthatpeoplebornwithtsin.Apersonwhodidn’tgeteducationswouldsurelytofallandthebeliefofGodwasn’tinnate.Hisideashadgreatinfluenceonsociallife.DuringtheheightofReligionRevolution,encounteredwiththecriticizeofitwhichopposedRomanCatholicism,theVaticaninRomanbegantodefendit,whichcalled“anti-religionrevolution”.ThoughtheCatholicismeducationabsorbedalotofthingsfromhumanismeducation,thefatalweaknessofitwasthattheywantedtorebuiltthecontrolofCatholicisminEurope.Thatwasasetbackofsociety,soitdoomedtobeabandonedbyhistory.