科技英语阅读与翻译(李健)第五单元

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Hands-onComputing:HowMulti-touchScreensCouldChangetheWayWeInteractwithComputersandEachOtherComputerTechnology组别:第五组汇报人:1-3—xx4-6—xx7-9—xx10-12xx13-15xx16-18xx19-21xx1:1~3paragraphsxxxWhenApple’siPhonehitthestreets(原意,上街此处为hittheshops/stores指(新商品等)上市)lastyear,itintroduced(介绍,翻译为推出,新产品上市)so-called(所谓的)multi-touchscreenstothegeneralpublic.Imageonthescreencanbemovedaround(四处走走)withafingertipandmadebiggerorsmallerbyplacingtwofingertipsontheimage’sedge;sandtheneitherspreadingthosefingersapartorbringingthemclosertogether.Thetactilepleasuretheinterfaceprovidesbeyonditsutilityquicklybroughtitaccolades.Theoperationsfeltintuitive,evensensuous.ButinlaboratoriesaroundtheworldatthetimeoftheiPhone’slaunch,multi-touchscreenshadvastlyoutgrowntwo-fingercommands.Engineershavedevelopedmuchlargerscreensthatrespondto10fingersatonce,eventomultiplepeople.当苹果的iPhone去年上市时,它向大众推出了所谓的多点触控式显示屏。屏幕上的图像可以用指尖移动,通过在图像的边缘放置两个指尖,然后将这些手指分开或将它们拉近,使其变大或变小。界面提供的超出其实用性的触控乐趣很快就获得了赞誉。操作感觉直观,甚至感性。但是在iPhone推出时,全世界的实验室中,多点触控屏幕已经远远超出了双指命令。工程师已经开发出更大的屏幕,可以同时响应10个手指,甚至可以响应多个人。很容易想象摄影师,平面设计师或建筑师这些必须操纵大量视觉材料并且经常在团队中工作的专业人员会欢迎这种多点触控计算。然而,该技术已经已经应用于更广的范围,在这种情况下,任何没有经过任何培训的人都可以在头脑风暴会议期间联系并移动或标记对象和计划。Itiseasytoimaginehowphotographers,graphicdesignersorarchitects—professionalswhomustmanipulatelotsofvisualmaterialandwhooftenworkinteams—wouldwelcomethismulti-touchcomputing.Yetthetechnologyisalreadyisalreadyisalreadybeingappliedinmorefar-flungsituationsinwhichanyonewithoutanytrainingcanreachout(伸出、伸手、触及)duringabrainstormingsessionandmoveormarkupobjectsandplans.JeffHan,aconsultingcomputerscientistatNewYorkUniversityandfounderofPerceptivePixelinNewYorkCity,isattheforefront(第一线)ofmulti-touchtechnology.Walkingintohiscompany’slobby,oneisgreetedbyathree-by-eight-footflatscreen.Hansstepsuptotheelectronicwallandunleashesaworldofimagesusingnothingbutthetouchofhisfingers.Asmanyas10ormorevideofeedscanrunsimultaneously,andthereisnotoolbarinsight.WhenHanwantsthedisplaytoaccessdifferentfileshetapsittwice,bringingupchartsormenusthatcanalsobrtapped.纽约大学咨询计算机科学家,纽约市PerceptivePixel的创始人杰夫·汉(JeffHan)处于多点触控技术的最前沿。走进他公司的大厅,一个三英尺八英尺的平面电视迎着一个人。韩立踏上电子墙,用手指触摸,释放出一个充满图像的世界。可以同时运行多达10个或更多的视频源,并且看不到工具栏。当韩希望显示器访问不同的文件时,他会点击两次,打开也可以点击的图表或菜单。2:4~6paragraphsxxxSeveralearlyadoptershavepurchasedcompletesystems,includingintelligenceagenciesthatneedtoquicklycomparegeographicallycoordinatedsurveillanceimagesintheirwarrooms.一些早期的采用者已经购买了完整的系统,包括情报机构,他们需要快速比较战场上地理位置协调的监控图像。NewsanchorsonCNNusedabigPerceptivePixelsystemduringcoverageofthepresidentialprimariesthatboldlydisplayedall50U.S.states;todepictvotingresults,theanchors,standinginfrontofthescreen,dramaticallyzoomedinandoutofstates,evencounties,simplybymovingtheirfingersacrossthemap.美国有线电视新闻网(CableNewsNetwork)的新闻节目主持人在总统初选报道的新闻中使用了一个庞大的感知像素系统(屏幕),大胆地显示出美国50个州(的初选情况);为预测选举结果,站在屏幕前面的主持人竟然能够仅仅通过在(屏幕上的)地图上移动他们的手指就能够放大和缩小地图至州甚至是县的范围。Lookingahead,Hanexpectsthetechnologytofindahomeingraphicallyintensebusinessessuchasenergytradingandmedicalimaging.展望未来,韩预计这项技术将在能源交易和医疗成像等图形密集型业务中找到立足之地(有道)。4Rudimentaryworkonmulti-touchinterfacesdatestotheearly1980s,accordingtoBillBuxton,aprincipalresearcheratMicrosoftResearch.据微软研究(MicrosoftResearch)的首席研究员比尔·巴克斯顿所言,多点触控界面的早期研究要追溯到上世纪80年代初。Butaround2000,atNYU,Hanbeganajourneytoovercomeoneofthetechnology’stoughesthurdles:achievingfine-resolutionfingertipsensing.但直到2000年左右,Han才在纽约大学开始了克服这一技术最困难的障碍之旅:实现精细分辨率的指尖传感(有道)。Thesolutionrequiredbothhardwareandsoftwareinnovations.解决方案需要硬件和软件两方面的创新。5早期的,初步的高分辨率,高清晰度Perhapsmostfundamentalwasexploitinganopticaleffectknownasfrustratedtotalinternalreflection(FTIR),whichisalsousedinfingerprint-recognitionequipment.或许大多数的多点控技术的(结合上文)基本原理是利用一种我们称之为受抑全内反射(百度)的光学效应,这一效应也同样应用于指纹识别设备。Han,whodescribeshimselfas“averytactileperson,”becameawareoftheeffectonedaywhenhewaslookingthroughafullglassofwater.Han称自己属于那种触觉很强的人。某天当他看着一整杯水的时候,他意识到了这一效应。Henoticedhowcrisplyhisfingerprintontheoutsideoftheglassappearedwhenviewedthroughthewateratasteepangle.他注意到当从一个非常倾斜的角度透过水观察时,玻璃杯壁上他的指纹是如此的轮廓分明。Heimaginedthatanelectronicsystemcouldopticallytrackfingertipsplacedonthefaceofaclearcomputermonitor.他设想一个电子系统能够以光学地方式追踪清晰电脑显示屏幕表面上留下的指纹。Thusbeganhissix-yearabsorptionwithmulti-touchinterfaces.就此,Han开始了他在多点触控界面六年的专注研究。63:7~9paragraphsxxx07Hefirstconsideredbuildingaveryhighresolutionversionofthesingle-touchscreensusedinautomatedtellermachinesandkiosks,whichtypicallysensetheelectricalcapacitanceofafingertouchingpredefinedpointsonthescreen.Buttrackingarandomlymovingfingerwouldhaverequiredaninsaneamountofwiringbehindthescreen,whichalsowouldhavelimitedthescreen’sfunctionality.Hanultimatelydevisedarectangularsheetofclearacrylicthatactslikeawaveguide,essentiallyapipeforlightwaves.Light-emittingdiodes(LEDs)aroundtheedgespumpinfraredlightintothesheet.他首先考虑制造一种分辨率非常高的单触屏,用于自动柜员机和自助售货机。单触屏通常能感知手指触摸屏幕上预定义点的电容。但要追踪一个随意移动的手指,需要在屏幕后面安装大量的线路,这也会限制屏幕的功能。韩最终设计出一种长方形透明亚克力板,它的作用就像一个波导,本质上是光波的管道。边缘周围的发光二极管(led)将红外光泵入纸内。07Thelightstreamsthrough,reflectinginternallyoffthesheetwalls,muchaslightflowsthoughanopticalfiber.Nolightleaksout.Butwhensomeoneplaces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