新能源--英文ppt

Nuclearpowerinthenewenergy大连理工大学2011TheuseofnuclearenergyNuclearsubmarineNuclear-poweredaircraftcarrierNuclearpowerplantHydrogenbombMarinenuclearpowerNuclearpowerAtomicbombNuclearweaponsNuclearenergyChangesinenergyconsumptionthecoalof18thcentury1920s-1960sCoalRenewableEnergy20thcentury21stcenturyNaturalgasOilSolarEnergyCoalNaturalgasOilNewEnergyNuclearenergyTheworld‘spopulationover60million，Increaseofmorethan2timesthelate19thcentury，Energyconsumptionincreasedby16times.FossilenergyReservesarelimited！！RenewableEnergywaterpowerWindEnergyTidalpowerScalesubjecttoenvironmental,seasonalandgeographicalconstraintsNowLackofdevelopmenttechnologysolarenergyNuclearenergy－InfiniteEnergyMarine核裂变Nuclearfission核聚变NuclearFusion铀、钍矿石Ifalluse,canbeusedfor2400～2800years氘（来自海水）、锂Deuterium(fromsea),lithium40亿万吨2千多亿吨Ifrealizedcontrollablefusion,thosecanuseofbillionsofyearsUraniumandthoriumoresstructureofnon-pollutingenergyNuclearpoweristhesafest,cleanestandmostcost-effectivepowerresourcesNuclearenergyisadouble-edgedsword辐射剂量大陆地射线电器辐射建筑材料天然辐射医疗辐射辐射剂量不大核辐射宇宙射线花岗岩公众的电离辐射照射量医疗X光照射11%核医学4%日常消费3%宇宙射线8%陆地射线8%体内放射性物质11%氡气55%天然辐照占80%•宇宙辐照•陆地辐照•体内辐照•氡气核电站周围辐射剂量为0.01mSv/年肺部透视一次辐射剂量为0.02mSv拍一次胸片的照射剂量为0.12mSv北京与欧洲之间乘飞机往返一次的辐射剂量为0.04毫希允许标准：公众剂量不超过1mSv/年Canada'sPickeringnuclearpowerplantNuclearpowerplantChina'sDayaBayNuclearPowerStation(Shenzhen)NuclearpowerplantJapanbeautycoastnuclearplantsNuclearpowerplantThepeacefuluseofnuclearenergyIn1951,theUSAuseaplutoniumproductionreactorintheheattestgeneration,Britain,France,theSovietUnionandChina,followedbytheestablishmentofanumberofnuclearpowerplants.Thecurrentstructureoftheworld'senergy世界能源消费结构（2000年）煤40%石油25%天然气22%核能8%其它5%Nuclearpowerintheworldenergyconsumedin8percentNuclearpowerintheworldelectricenergyaccountsfor17%(2000)世界电力能源结构（2000年）其它2%核能17%水力18%天然气15%石油11%煤37%Fossilfuelsfor85%oftotalenergy.Fossilfuelsfor30%ofthetotalelectricalenergy.Oilforelectricitygenerationisawaste.ThepeacefuluseofnuclearenergyintheworldThemid-70soflastcentury,theworldenteredtheclimaxofthedevelopmentofnuclearpowerplantsAmerica'snuclearpowerplants(104)ThepeacefuluseofnuclearenergyintheworldThereareover441nuclearpowerplantsintheworld,accountingfor17%ofworldelectricitysupply(2005)Shareoftheworld'snuclearpowergeneration（2002）DistributionofexistingnuclearpowerplantsinChinaChina'sfuturenuclearpowerprogramPlanning（2007-2015）Improvedsecond-generationunit,hasstartedconstruction:•红沿河(辽宁):建设6×1000MW,PWR;•阳江(广东):建设6×1000MW,PWR;•方家山(浙江):2×1000MW,PWR;•福清、宁德（福建）：分别建设6×1000MW,PWR；•昌江（海南）:建设2×650MW,PWR；Threegenerationsofnuclearpower,hasstartedconstruction:•三门(浙江):6×1250MW,PWR;•海阳(山东):6×1250MW,PWR;•台山（广东）:2×1750MW,PWR；Fourth-generationnuclearpower:•荣成石岛湾(山东):1×20MW,高温气冷堆；•三明（福建）：2×800MW,BN-800快中子核反应堆。Theadvantagesanddisadvantagesofnuclearenergy核能优点：1.核能发电不造成空气污染，不产生加重地球温室效应的二氧化碳。2.核燃料体积小，运输与储存方便.3.核能发电的成本中，燃料费用所占的比例较低.4.核原料丰富。核能缺点：1.核能电厂会产生放射性废料。2.核能发电厂热效率较低，热污染较严重。3.核能电厂投资成本太大，电力公司的财务风险较高。4.核能电厂选址受环境影响较大。5.核电厂如果在事故中释放到外界环境，会对生态及民众造成伤害。综上所述：目前世界处在和平时代，发展是主流，为满足日益紧张的能源需求，虽然核能有其不足之处，但利大于弊，我们应该积极发展。TheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofnuclearenergyAdvantagesofnuclearenergy:1.Nuclearpowerdoesnotcauseairpollutionanddoesnotproducecarbondioxidewhichaggravatesglobalwarming.2.Nuclearfuelhassmallsizesoitiseasyfortransportationandstorage.3.Fuelcostsaccountsforalowerproportioninthecostofnuclearpowergeneration.4.Richinnuclearmaterial.Disadvantagesofnuclearenergy:1.Nuclearpowerplantwillproduceradioactivewaste.2.Nuclearpowerplanthaslowerthermalefficiencyandbadheatpollution.3.Nuclearpowerplantneedslargeinvestmentcost,thepowercompanyhashigherfinancialrisk.4.Thesiteofnuclearpowerplantislargelydeterminedbyenvironment.5.Thereleaseintotheexternalenvironmentbecauseoftheaccidentwilldamagetheecologyandpeople.