国际贸易术语FOBFreeonBoard(…namedportofshipment),即船上交货(……指定装运港)一、Definition•“Freeonboard”meansthatthesellerdeliverswhenthegoodsareontheshipatthenamedportofshipment.•“船上交货”是当货物在指定的装运港船上,卖方即完成交货。•Thismeansthatthebuyerhastobearallcostsandrisksoflossofordamagetothegoodsfromthatpoint.TheFOBtermrequiresthesellertoclearthegoodsforexport.Thistermcanbeusedonlyforseaorinlandwaterwaytransport.•这意味着买方必须从该点起承担一切费用和货物灭失或损坏的风险。FOB术语要求卖方办理货物出口报关手续。该术语仅适用于海运或内河运输。KeyObligationsoftheSellerandBuyerunderFOBSeller’sobligationsBuyer’sobligations①providegoods&informthebuyer①pay②arrangeshipment&informtheseller②carryoutallexportcustomsformalities③carryoutallimportcustomsformalities&transitthroughanycountries③bearalltherisksoflossofordamagetothegoodsbeforetheypasstheship’srail④bearalltherisksoflossofordamagetothegoodswhentheypasstheship’srail④providedocuments⑤takedelivery&acceptdocumentsFOB术语买卖双方的主要义务卖方义务买方义务1.交货并通知买方1.付款2.租船/订舱,付运费并通知卖方2.办理出口手续3.负责进口手续及过境运输3.负责货物越过船舷前的一切费用和风险4.负担货物越过船舷后的一切费用和风险4.提供单证5.收货,接受单据TheparticularpointsaboutthesalesunderFOB•(1)Risk-transferpoint•Therisk-transferpointunderFOBisontheshipofthenamedportofshipment.•风险的转移点2010通则修改:FOB风险的转移点在装运港的船上。Link-upofvesselandgoods船货衔接问题:Stockingnotice备货通知Sendoutboatsnotice派船通知Shipmentnotice装船通知•Inordertofurtherspecifythecosts,variantshavebeencreated.Theymainlyincludefiveitems:FOB的5种变形FOBUnderTackle:Itallowsthesellertocoverthecostsuntilthegoodsareplacedsomewherewithinthereachofthetackleofthevesselnominatedbythebuyer.Othercostwillbebornbythebuyer.FOB吊钩下交货,装运港吊钩下交货返回目录FOB的5种变形•FOBLinerTerms:Theshipwillberesponsibleforloading.Withthisterm,thebuyerbearstheloadingcostsinceheisresponsibleforcontactingandpayingforcarriage.FOB班轮条件,装运港船上交货班轮条件。装船费用由买方负担FOBStowed:Underthistermthesellerhastocovertheloadingchargesaswellasthestowagechargewhenthegoodsareplacesinsidetheholdoftheship.船上交货并理舱,包括理舱费在内的装运港船上交货返回目录3.2INCOTERMS•FOBTrimmed:Besidesloadingthegoodsonboardthevessel,thesellershouldalsotrimthegoodstomakethevesselevenlybalanced.船上交货并平舱,包括平舱费在内的装运港船上交货FOBStowedandTrimmed:Stowageandtrimmingchargesoftenoccurtogether.Thisonerequiresthesellertocoverthestowageandtotrimchargesapartfromthemainloadingcost.卖方负责将货物装入船舱并承担包括理舱费和平舱费在内的装船费用。返回目录3.2INCOTERMS•Warmnote:•TheFOBtermrequiresthesellertoclearthegoodsforexport.Thistermcanbeusedonlyforseaorinlandwaterwaytransport.•FOB术语要求卖方办理货物出口清关ThesellerThebuyerFOBDeliverthegoodsonboardthevessel交货Contractforthecarriageofthegoods租船订舱Obtainexportlicense获得出口许可证ObtainimportlicenseCovercargoinsurance投保Providedocumentsforthebuyerandaskforpayment交单议付Paythepriceandtakedeliveryofthegoods返回目录warmnote•FOB条件下:记住3个时间(注:FOB条件下,租船订舱是由买方负责的,但是如有必要买方可请求卖方租船订舱,但费用一切由买方承担,而且卖方有权拒绝这项工作)•1、卖方货妥通知的期限(thetimelimittonotifythebuyerthatgoodshavebeenprepared)•2、买方派船通知的期限(thetimelimittonotifytheselleroftheship'sinformation)•3、卖方装船通知的期限(thetimelimittothebuyerthatgoodhavebeenloned)•☆跟美国人签订FOB合同时应注意:写上FOBNewYorksubjecttoIncoterms2000.warmnote•FOB价格构成:FOB价格=进货成本价+国内费用+出口税金+净利润FOB贸易术语的选用•一般由买方主动提出使用FOB,原因是:•(1)交易的货物数量比较大,够租一条整船或大部分舱位时,买方为了节省运费,或为了货物安全,自己租船。•(2)买方租船比较方便,可以自己选择租船。温馨提示warmnote:•FOB条件下:记住3个时间(注:FOB条件下,租船订舱是由买方负责的,但是如有必要买方可请求卖方租船订舱,但费用一切由买方承担,而且卖方有权拒绝这项工作)•1、卖方货妥通知的期限(thetimelimittonotifythebuyerthatgoodshavebeenprepared)•2、买方派船通知的期限(thetimelimittonotifytheselleroftheship'sinformation)•3、卖方装船通知的期限(thetimelimittothebuyerthatgoodhavebeenloned)•☆跟美国人签订FOB合同时应注意:写上FOBVessedNewYorksubjecttoIncoterms2000.Casestudy:案例:FOBQINGDAOUnitedKingdom(thebuyer)wouldliketobuyproducts(10000000)fromXi'an(theseller),andrequiredthatthegoodswereshippedtoQingdao.Afterarrivalterminalswarehouse,therewasafireinthenightbeforedelivery.Accordingtothiscase,combinedwithtextbookknowledge,pleaseanswerthefollowingtwoquestions•Q1:UnderFOB,whoshouldbeartheriskofthelossofordamagetothegoods?Why?•※Theseller:AsthedefinitionofFOBshowsthatthesellerdeliverswhenthegoodspasstheship’srailatthenamedportofshipment.Andtherisk-transferpointunderFOBisattheship’satthenamedportofshipment.Itmeansthatthesellerhastobearallcostandrisksoflossofdamagetothegoods.•Q2:Actually,whatkindoflessoncanwe?•①noinsurance;②Itwasnotconsiderationthatxi’anistheinlandcity,generally,itwasnotrecommendedtouseFOB.Intermsoftheseller,fromxi’antoQingdaoforalongdistance,soitmeansthatthegoodsshouldbedeliveredforalongtime.Alsomeansthatthesellershouldbearthebigriskifthegoodswerelost.分析:1.由FOB的定义可知,货物在指定装运港越过船舷时,卖方就完成了交货的义务。由此也可知,FOB风险转移点就是装运港的船舷。但事实上,货物在装上货船之前就已经被毁了,没有越过风险转移点,这就意味着卖方要承担所有的风险。2.①没有买保险;②无考虑到西安是内陆城市,不建议用FOB对卖方而言,从西安到青岛有一段距离,也意味着货物脱手时间长,承担风险也越大。CASESTUDY•国内某公司曾按每吨242美元FOBVesselNewYork条件与美商签订进口200吨钢材的合同.•后我方公司如期开出金额为48400美元的信用证.•但美商收到信用证后来函要求增加信用证金额至50000美元,不然有关出口捐税及签证费用应由我方另外电汇。•问:美商的要求是否合理?CASESTUDY•国内某贸易公司以FOB条件进口一批货物。•在目的港卸货时,发现有几件货物外包装破裂,并且货物有被水渍的痕迹。•经查证,货物是在装船时因吊钩不牢掉在甲板上摔破的,因包装破裂导致里面的货物被水浸泡。•该贸易公司能否以对方未完成交货义务为由提出索赔?CASESTUDY•买卖双方签订FOB合同,卖方向买方出口一级大米300吨,装船时货物经公证人检验,符合合同规定的品质条件。•卖方于装船后及时发出装船通知。•货物运输中由于风浪过大,大米被海水浸泡,品质受到影响,当货物到达目的港后,只能按三级大米价格出售。•买方要求卖方赔偿差价损失。•问卖方是否应该负责?为什么?CASESTUDY•我国某公司曾以FOB条件出口日本一批荔枝。•合同规定:“3月15至25日装运”。•尽管我方多次催促,直至3月31日,仍未见船只踪影。•于是