PICC-2010-2010版国际商事合同通则

1UNIDROITPRINCIPLESOFINTERNATIONALCOMMERCIALCONTRACTS2010PREAMBLE(PurposeofthePrinciples)ThesePrinciplessetforthgeneralrulesforinternationalcommercialcontracts.Theyshallbeappliedwhenthepartieshaveagreedthattheircontractbegovernedbythem.(*)Theymaybeappliedwhenthepartieshaveagreedthattheircontractbegovernedbygeneralprinciplesoflaw,thelexmercatoriaorthelike.Theymaybeappliedwhenthepartieshavenotchosenanylawtogoverntheircontract.Theymaybeusedtointerpretorsupplementinternationaluniformlawinstruments.Theymaybeusedtointerpretorsupplementdomesticlaw.Theymayserveasamodelfornationalandinternationallegislators.CHAPTER1—GENERALPROVISIONSARTICLE1.1(Freedomofcontract)Thepartiesarefreetoenterintoacontractandtodetermineitscontent.ARTICLE1.2(Noformrequired)NothinginthesePrinciplesrequiresacontract,statementoranyotheracttobemadeinorevidencedbyaparticularform.Itmaybeprovedbyanymeans,includingwitnesses.ARTICLE1.3(Bindingcharacterofcontract)Acontractvalidlyenteredintoisbindingupontheparties.ItcanonlybemodifiedorterminatedinaccordancewithitstermsorbyagreementorasotherwiseprovidedinthesePrinciples.ARTICLE1.4(Mandatoryrules)NothinginthesePrinciplesshallrestricttheapplicationofmandatoryrules,whetherofnational,internationalorsupranationalorigin,whichareapplicableinaccordancewiththerelevantrulesofprivateinternationallaw.(*)PartieswishingtoprovidethattheiragreementbegovernedbythePrinciplesmightusethefollowingwords,addinganydesiredexceptionsormodifications:“ThiscontractshallbegovernedbytheUNIDROITPrinciples(2010)[exceptastoArticles…]”.Partieswishingtoprovideinadditionfortheapplicationofthelawofaparticularjurisdictionmightusethefollowingwords:“ThiscontractshallbegovernedbytheUNIDROITPrinciples(2010)[exceptastoArticles…],supplementedwhennecessarybythelawof[jurisdictionX]”.UNIDROITPrinciples2ARTICLE1.5(Exclusionormodificationbytheparties)ThepartiesmayexcludetheapplicationofthesePrinciplesorderogatefromorvarytheeffectofanyoftheirprovisions,exceptasotherwiseprovidedinthePrinciples.ARTICLE1.6(InterpretationandsupplementationofthePrinciples)(1)IntheinterpretationofthesePrinciples,regardistobehadtotheirinternationalcharacterandtotheirpurposesincludingtheneedtopromoteuniformityintheirapplication.(2)IssueswithinthescopeofthesePrinciplesbutnotexpresslysettledbythemareasfaraspossibletobesettledinaccordancewiththeirunderlyinggeneralprinciples.ARTICLE1.7(Goodfaithandfairdealing)(1)Eachpartymustactinaccordancewithgoodfaithandfairdealingininternationaltrade.(2)Thepartiesmaynotexcludeorlimitthisduty.ARTICLE1.8(Inconsistentbehaviour)Apartycannotactinconsistentlywithanunderstandingithascausedtheotherpartytohaveanduponwhichthatotherpartyreasonablyhasactedinreliancetoitsdetriment.ARTICLE1.9(Usagesandpractices)(1)Thepartiesareboundbyanyusagetowhichtheyhaveagreedandbyanypracticeswhichtheyhaveestablishedbetweenthemselves.(2)Thepartiesareboundbyausagethatiswidelyknowntoandregularlyobservedininternationaltradebypartiesintheparticulartradeconcernedexceptwheretheapplicationofsuchausagewouldbeunreasonable.ARTICLE1.10(Notice)(1)Wherenoticeisrequireditmaybegivenbyanymeansappropriatetothecircumstances.(2)Anoticeiseffectivewhenitreachesthepersontowhomitisgiven.(3)Forthepurposeofparagraph(2)anotice“reaches”apersonwhengiventothatpersonorallyordeliveredatthatperson’splaceofbusinessormailingaddress.(4)ForthepurposeofthisArticle“notice”includesadeclaration,demand,requestoranyothercommunicationofintention.ARTICLE1.11(Definitions)InthesePrinciples–“court”includesanarbitraltribunal;–whereapartyhasmorethanoneplaceofbusinesstherelevant“placeofbusiness”isthatwhichhastheclosestrelationshiptothecontractanditsperformance,havingregardtothecircumstancesknowntoorcontemplatedbythepartiesatanytimebeforeorattheconclusionofthecontract;–“obligor”referstothepartywhoistoperformanobligationand“obligee”referstothepartywhoisentitledtoperformanceofthatobligation.3–“writing”meansanymodeofcommunicationthatpreservesarecordoftheinformationcontainedthereinandiscapableofbeingreproducedintangibleform.ARTICLE1.12(Computationoftimesetbyparties)(1)Officialholidaysornon-businessdaysoccurringduringaperiodsetbypartiesforanacttobeperformedareincludedincalculatingtheperiod.(2)However,ifthelastdayoftheperiodisanofficialholidayoranon-businessdayattheplaceofbusinessofthepartytoperformtheact,theperiodisextendeduntilthefirstbusinessdaywhichfollows,unlessthecircumstancesindicateotherwise.(3)Therelevanttimezoneisthatoftheplaceofbusinessofthepartysettingthetime,unlessthecircumstancesindicateotherwise.CHAPTER2—FORMATIONANDAUTHORITYOFAGENTSSECTION1:FORMATIONARTICLE2.1.1(Mannerofformation)Acontractmaybeconcludedeitherbytheacceptanceofanofferorbyconductofthepartiesthatissufficienttoshowagreement.ARTICLE2.1.2(Definitionofoffer)Aproposalforconcludingacontractconstitutesanofferifitissufficientlydefiniteandindicatestheintentionoftheofferortobeboundincaseofacceptance.ARTICLE2.1.3(Withdrawalofoffer)(1)Anofferbecomeseffectivewhenitreachestheofferee.(2)Anoffer,evenifitisirrevocable,maybewithdrawnifthewithdrawalreachestheoffereebef