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AdverbialClauses（状语从句）1.AdverbialClausesofTime:（时间状语从句）DifferentKindsofAdverbialClauses:2.AdverbialClausesofReason(原因状语从句）3.AdverbialClausesofConditions(条件状语从句）4.AdverbialClausesofPlace(地点状语从句）5.AdverbialClausesofPurpose(目的状语从句）6.AdverbialClausesofResult（结果状语从句）7.AdverbialClausesofComparison（比较）8.AdverbialClausesofConcession(让步）9.AdverbClausesofManner(方式状语从句)I.时间状语从句:when,while,as,after,before,since,until/till,assoonas,hardly/scarcely…when,nosooner…than,everytime,eachtime,themoment,theminute,thesecond,bythetime,immediately….when/while/as•When+(1)延续性动词，表示段时间e.g.WhenIwasyoung,Ilikeddancing.•(2)瞬间性动词，表示点时间(不能用while）e.g.Itwassnowingwhenwegottotheairport．•(3)表示“这时”“正在这时候”e.g.Iwaswalkingonthestreetwhensuddenlysomeonepattedmeontheshoulder.•(4)主从句动作先后发生(不能用while）e.g.WhenIgottothecinema,thefilmhadalreadybegun.While+(1)延续性动词e.g.1.WhileIslept,athiefbrokein.2.Shefellasleepwhileshewasreadingthenewspaper.(2)表示两种情况对比，“然而”“而”e.g.Theyweresurprisedthatachildshouldworkouttheproblemwhiletheythemselvescouldn’t.(3)表示“趁着…时候”(强调主从句动作同时发生).e.g.Strikewhiletheironishot.LOREMIPSUMDOLOR•As侧重主从句动作同时发生，常译为•①“一边…一边….”e.g.Thestudentstooknotesastheylistened.•②“随着”e.g.Astimegoesby,wehavegainedmoreandmoreknowledge.注意若主句谓语是短暂性动作，从句用延续性动词的进行时态表示在一段时间内正在进行的动作时，三者可以互换！When/While/AswewerehavinganEnglishclass,astrangerbrokein.Practice___________lwaswalkingdownthestreet，Isawsomepolicemen．_______theyheardthenews，theyweresurprised．Theyshoutedslogans____theypassedthesquare.When/While/AsWhenaswhen,while,as的用法区别①只有当从句表示的是段时间，即其谓语动词有持续性特征时，这三者可以通用互换。eg.Igotthenewsontheradiowhen/while/asIwashavingbreakfast.我在吃早饭的时候从收音机里获悉这一消息。在下列情况下，三者彼此之间不能替换使用：a．as更强调同一时间或紧接的一前一后或伴随着的变化。eg.Ashegrewolder,hebecamelessandlessactive.随着他年龄的增长，他变得越来越不活泼了b．when更强调特定时间，还可表示从句中的动作先于或后于主句的动作。eg.WhenIhadgivenMarythespareticket,Ifoundmyownalreadygone.（从句动作发生在主句之前，注意主从句的时态）WhenIfinallygotthere,themeetinghadbeenonfortenminutes.（从句动作发生在主句之后，注意时态）c．while从句只能表示延续的动作或状态或主从句中动作的对比。eg.ShethoughtIwastalkingaboutherdaughter,whileinfact,Iwastalkingaboutmydaughter.她以为我在谈论她女儿，而事实上，我在谈论我的女儿。d．若表示两个短促动作几乎同时发生时，用as场合多于when。eg.Ashefinishedhisspeech,theaudienceburstintoapplause.他结束演讲时，观众爆发出雷鸣般的掌声。beforebefore表示在一段时间之前。eg.ImustfinishalltheworkbeforeIgohome.回家之前我必须干完所有的活。before从句往往带有否定的含义。eg.Takeitdownbeforeyouforgetit.趁着还没忘记的时候就记录下来。afterafter表示在一段时间之后。eg.Let'splayfootballafterschool.放学后我们踢足球吧。Thesuncameoutsoonafterthestormstopped.暴风雨过后不久，太阳出来了。•注：before和after引导的状语从句，主从句发生的动作先后顺序很明确，因此after从句中的谓语动词常常使用一般过去时来代替过去完成时。•Afterhe(had)finishedhishomework,Tombegantoplaycomputergames.Since•注意•since引导的时间状语从句，主句常用完成时，从句常用一般过去时。•Hehaswrittentomefrequentlysincehewasill.•句型•Itis/hasbeen+一段时间+since，如果从句是延续性动词，,用一般过去时和现在完成时不同。•Itis/hasbeentwoyearssincehewasinthearmy.(反向翻译）•他离开军队两年了。•Itis/hasbeentwoyearssincehehasbeeninthearmy.•他当兵两年了。1.----Sincewhen________thecountry_____opentointernationaltrade?----1978,Isuppose.2007陕西卷2._______5years_________hegraduatedfromcollege._______2years_____hesmoked.hasbeenItissinceItissince关连词组hardly/scarcely…whennosooner…thanassoonas三种句子结构表示“一……就……”。注意：时态assoonas以一般时态代替将来时态nosooner（一旦...立即...),hardly,scarcely(几乎不）后的句子用过去完成时，than/when后的句子用一般过去时。倒装当hardly或nosooner位于句首时，要倒装。我一到达上海就给你打电话。时态要求：改错:Ihardlygothomewhenitbegantorain时态要求：IwillcallyouassoonasIarriveinShanghai.ˆhad以一般现在时代替将来时主句用haddone,从句用didnosooner...than,hardly...when,scarcely...whenHehadhardlyarrivedwhenitbegantosnow．Hardly_____________whenitbegantosnow．Wehadhardlywalkedintothehallwhenthelecturestarted．Hardly_______walkedintothehallwhenthelecturestarted．_______________shegonetosleepthanthetelephonerangoncemore．_______________theboyreachedthedoorthanhecameback．hadhearrivedhadweNosoonerhadNosoonerhad倒装until/till•until/till“直到……止”(肯定句，主句是延续性动词);I’llwaituntil/tilltheconcertisover.(till不能放在句首，但是until了的位置不受限制)•not…until“直到……才”•hedidn’tleavetheofficeuntilhefinishedthetask.注意：倒装句、强调句，及位于句首时，只能用until。当notuntil位于句首时，主句中的主语、谓语要使用部分倒装语序。NotuntilIreturneddidshefinishherhomework.notuntil句型与强调句型结合Ididn’tgotosleepuntilhecameback.与倒装句式结合ItwasnotuntilhecamebackthatIwenttosleep.NotuntilhecamebackdidIgotosleep.1．Themeetingdidn’tstart___everyonewasthere．A.becauseB.untilC.whyD.if2．Theboy___tobed___hismothercamein.A.wentnot;untilB.didn’tgo;afterC.went;untilD.didn’tgo;untilPractice1.MotherwaitedforTomtill/untilfarintothenight.(持续性动词)2.Tomdidn’tgetbacktill/untileverythingwasallright.(短暂性动词)★=_____________everythingwasallright__________________.NotuntildidTomgetbackbythetime引导的从句在一般情况下从句:一般过去时主句:过去完成时；从句:一般现在时主句:一般将来时或将来完成时Bythetimewegottothestation,thebus_______left.Bythetimeyoureceivethisletter,I________leftthiscityformyhometown.hadwillhave1.IwaswaitingforthebuswhileImethim.2.Whilehewasdoinghishomework,Ilistenedtotheradio.3.I’lltellyouassoonasI’llknow.4.Weoftenfinishourhomeworkafterwegotobed.5.Wehavebeenfriendsafterwemetatschool.6.Jimdidn’tgotobedsincehismothercameback.whenwaslisteningbeforesinceuntil主要有everytime(每次)，eachtime(每次)，(the)nexttime(下次)，anytime(随时)，(the)lasttime(上次)，thefirsttime(第一次)：表示“上次”、“下次”、“每次”等的时间连词Ithoughtherniceandhonest______Im