第五周1.原则方法5.范文评析3.写作过程4.参考范文2.实战演练CONTENTSPrinciplesandMethods原则方法1概要是将原文“浓缩”后产生的新语篇,通过删除原文中的细节,减少例证,简化描述内容来实现语言的简洁性。评分标准要求:40<标准词数<80涵盖全部要点是概要写作基本要求。1234写作指导四个原则1.准确性原则3.完整性原则2.简要性原则4.客观性原则对原文准确理解是概要写作的前提。概要是用自己的语言对原文内容要点的概括和转述,不是再创作,要忠于原文,绝对不能出现来自于原作者以外的其他观点。01速读全文,弄清文体结构速读全文,了解文章体裁,弄清语篇结构。理解段意和文意(各种文体的大致结构,见下一张PPT)完全使用自己的语言表达全部的内容要点,准确使用相应的语法结构和词汇,有效使用语句间的连接成分,使完成的概要结构紧凑。根据文体结构,在文中找到并划出主题句,以及能体现内容要点的关键词。认真检查、修改、润色,然后规范誊写到答题卡上,做到字迹工整,卷面整洁。03根据要点,转换表达02根据结构,划出全部要点04仔细检查,规范誊写写作指导四个步骤体裁不同,结构不同,找要点的方法也不同说明文记叙文议论文找出记叙文的6要素:何人(who)在何时(when)何地(where)因何原因(why)做了何事(what),结果如何(how)。其中,最重要的要点是某人做了某事。1.事物描述类:对象+结构/性质+功用2.问题解决类:问题+(解决的)方法或措施3.社会现象类:现象+原因+后果(+措施或建议)论点+论据:其关键在于找出主题句或结论句。若文中有一分为二的观点,不可漏掉其中任何一方。WritingPractice实战演练2概要写作阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Areyousometimesalittletiredandsleepyintheearlyafternoon?Manypeoplefeelthiswayafterlunch.Theymaythinkthateatinglunchisthecauseofthesleepiness.Or,insummer,theymaythinkitistheheat.However,therealreasonliesinsidetheirbodies.Atthattime—abouteighthoursafteryouwakeup—yourbodytemperaturegoesdown.Thisiswhatmakesyouslowdownandfeelsleepy.Scientistshavetestedsleephabitsinexperimentswheretherewasnonightorday.Thepeopleintheseexperimentsalmostalwaysfollowedasimilarsleepingpattern.Theysleptforonelongperiodandthenforoneshortperiodabouteighthourslater.Inmanypartsoftheworld,peopletakenaps(小睡)inthemiddleoftheday.Thisisespeciallytrueinwarmerclimates,wheretheheatmakesworkdifficultintheearlyafternoon.Researchersarenowsayingthatnapsaregoodforeveryoneinanyclimate.Adailynapgivesoneamorerestedbodyandmindandthereforeisgoodforhealthingeneral.Incountrieswherenapsaretraditional,peopleoftensufferlessfromproblemsuchasheartdisease.Manyworkingpeople,unfortunately,havenotimetotakenaps.Thoughdoctorsmayadvisetakingnaps,employersdonotallowit!Ifyoudohavethechance,however,hereareafewtipsaboutmakingthemostofyournap.Rememberthatthebesttimetotakeanapisabouteighthoursafteryougetup.Ashortsleeptoolateinthedaymayonlymakeyoufeelmoretiredandsleepyafterward.Thiscanalsohappenifyousleepfortoolong.Ifyoudonothaveenoughtime,tryashortnap—eventenminutesofsleepcanbehelpful.WritingProcess写作过程3Step1.速读全文,弄清文体结构快速浏览全文,了解文章体裁,弄清语篇结构,理解段意和文意。文章体裁:“现象+原因+结果或措施”型说明文文章结构现象:...feeltiredandsleepyintheearlyafternoon原因:...abouteighthoursafteryouwakeup—bodytemperaturegoesdown.结果或措施:...takenapsinthemiddleoftheday段落大意:Paragragh1:人们午后困倦的真正原因。Paragragh2:在许多地区人们在中午都有午睡习惯,尤其是在气候温暖的地区,以及午睡对任何地方的人的健康都有好处。Paragragh3:关于午睡的小贴士——午睡的最佳时间是起床后8个小时,不要睡得太迟,也不要睡得太久;如果没有时间睡,小睡一会,如10分钟也是有益的文章大意:本文主要介绍了人们午后困倦的原因(在醒来后8小时左右体温就会下降),午睡的好处,以及关于午睡的小贴士:午睡的最佳时间,不宜迟睡或睡得过久,小睡一会也有帮助。要点1.现象:Areyousometimesalittletiredandsleepyintheearlyafternoon?Manypeoplefeelthiswayafterlunch.原因:...abouteighthoursafteryouwakeup—yourbodytemperaturegoesdown.Step2.根据结构,划出全部要点根据文本结构,在文中找到并划出主题句,以及所有能体现内容要点的关键词:说明文跟议论文一样,主题句一般出现在段首或段尾,或转折处(如however,but,infact等)。要点2.结果或措施:Inmanypartsoftheworld,peopletakenapsinthemiddleoftheday.Thisisespeciallytrueinwarmerclimates.(3)Ifyoudonothaveenoughtime,tryashortnap—eventenminutesofsleepcanbehelpful.要点3.午睡的益处:...isgoodforhealth...要点4.关于午睡的建议:(1)Rememberthatthebesttimetotakeanapisabouteighthoursafteryougetup.(2)Ashortsleeptoolateinthedaymayonlymakeyoufeelmoretiredandsleepyafterward.Thiscanalsohappenifyousleepfortoolong.要点1.Areyousometimesalittletiredandsleepyintheearlyafternoon?Manypeoplefeelthiswayafterlunch....abouteighthoursafteryouwakeup—yourbodytemperaturegoesdown.转换:Manypeoplefeelalittlesleepyintheearlyafternoon.Thisisbecausetheirbodytemperaturegoesdownatabouteighthoursaftertheywakeup.Step3.根据要点,转换表达用自己的语言将所有要点一个不漏地表达出来。要点2.Inmanypartsoftheworld,peopletakenapsinthemiddleoftheday.Thisisespeciallytrueinwarmerclimates.转换:Inmanyplacesoftheworld,peopletakenapsafterlunch,especiallyinwarmerclimates.要点3....thereforeisgoodforhealth...要点4:Rememberthatthebesttimetotakeanapisabouteighthoursafteryougetup.Ashortsleeptoolateinthedaymayonlymakeyoufeelmoretiredandsleepyafterward.Thiscanalsohappenifyousleepfortoolong.转换:Anapisgoodforhealth.Eighthoursafteryougetupisthebesttimetotakeanap.Don’tsleeptoolateorfortoolong.要点5.Ifyoudonothaveenoughtime,tryashortnap—eventenminutesofsleepcanbehelpful.转换:Ifyouhavenotimetotakeanap,ashortnapisalsohelpful.写好初稿后,请检查是否包括了所有内容要点,是否准确使用了相应的语法结构和词汇,是否使用了语句间的连接成分,结构是否紧凑,是否是使用自己的语言,在语言表达中是否有语法错误和单词拼写错误,等等。要检查无误后,就要认真规范地誊写,做到字迹工整,卷面整洁。也要注意计算词数,看是否符合规定的词数要求。Step4.仔细检查,规范誊写ModelEssay参考范文4Onepossibleversion:Manypeoplefeelalittlesleepyafterlunch.Thisisbecausetheirbodytemperaturegoesdownatabouteighthoursaftertheywakeup.(要点1)Inmanyplacesoftheworld,peopletakenaps,especiallyinwarmerclimates.(要点2)Anapisgoodforhealth.(要点3)Eighthoursafteryougetupisthebesttimetotakeanap.Don’tsleeptoolateorfortoolong.(要点4)Ifyouhavenotimetotakeanap,ashortnapisalsohelpful.(要点5)SampleCommentary范文评析51.涵盖了所有内容要点。2.使用了自己的语言来表达。3.使用了相应的语法结构和词汇。如:说明原因时用了Thisisbecause.....4.逻辑严密,结构紧凑。5.词数为82词,符合词数标准。谢谢观看