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TheForthPeriodGrammarAskthestudentstotranslatethefollowingsentencesbyusinghavetoandhavegotto,andpleasepayattentiontotheirdifference.Youhavetogonow.Youhavegottogonow.1.你得走了。结论：肯定句中二者意思和用法完全相同。都含有“It’sadutytodosomething.”的意思。3.你得走了吗？2.你不必走。Youdon’thavetogonow.Youhaven’tgottogonow.Doyouhavetogonow?Haveyougottogonow?结论：在否定句和疑问句中，haveto需要加上助动词来构成；而havegotto则直接在have后加not或把have提前来构成。Theshoesaretoobigforme.Whatdidhesay?Hesaidtheshoesweretoobigforhim.直接引语和间接引语DirectandIndirectSpeech基本概念直接引述别人的原话。通常都用引号“”括起来。用自己的话把别人的话转述出来。间接引语在多数情况下都构成一个宾语从句。直接引语间接引语直接引语和间接引语Grammar:DirectandIndirectSpeech(1)1.转述他人的陈述→陈述句→SheaskedmewhatIwasdoing.1)Hesaid,“I’mgoingtoBeijing.”→HesaidthathewasgoingtoBeijing.2)Heasked,“Areyouateacher?”→Heaskedmeif/whetherIwasadoctor.3)Shesaid,“Whatareyoudoing?”2.转述他人的疑问→一般疑问句3.转述他人的问题→特殊疑问句直接引语变成间接引语，句子结构的变化•Hesaid,“IhavebeentotheGreatWall.”•HesaidtousthathehadbeentotheGreatWall.•Hesaid,“I'llgiveyouanexaminationnextMonday.”HetoldusthathewouldgiveusanexaminationthenextMonday.•陈述句•用连词that引导，that在口语中常省略。主句的谓语动词可直接用引语中的said,也可用told来代替，注意，可以说saidthat,saidtosb.that,toldsb.that，不可直接说toldthat解题步骤:1.陈述句:“Idon’tlikecomputers,”Sarahsaidtoherfriends.SarahsaidtoherfriendsthatIdon’tlikecomputers.saiddidn’tsheSarahsaidtoherfriendsthatshedidn’tlikecomputers.Sarah结论一直接引语是陈述句,变为间接引语时用连词that引导宾语从句.从句中的人称,时态,指示代词,时间状语,地点状语等相应变化.口诀说明直接引语间接引语1、人称的变化一随主二随宾第三人称不变引号内的第一人称变间引后与主句主语的人称保持一致引号内的第二人称变间引后与主句宾语的人称保持一致引号内的第三人称在变间引后人称不变Shesaid,“IlikeTennis.”Shesaidthatshelikedtennis.HesaidtoLily,“youmustgetupearly.”HetoldLilythatshemustgetupearly.Shesaidtome,“Theywanttohelphim.”Shetoldmethattheywantedtohelphim.：一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新直接引语间接引语一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时一般过去时过去完成时现在完成时过去完成时一般将来时过去将来时Theteachersaid,“Thesunisbiggerthantheearth.”Theteachersaidthatthesunisbiggerthantheearth.特殊:直接引语若是客观真理,变为间接引语时,时态不变.2、时态的变化直接引语间接引语指示代词时间状语地点状语方向性动词this,that,thesethosenow,then,todaythatdaythisweekthatweekyesterdaythedaybeforelastweektheweekbeforefourdaysagofourdaysbeforethedaybeforeyesterdaytwodaysbeforetomorrowthenextdaynextmonththenextmonthheretherecome,go,bringtake、其他特殊变化3一般疑问句•Hesaid,“Doyouhaveanydifficultywithpronunciation?”•Heasked(me)whether/ifIhadanydifficultywithmypronunciation.•Hesaid,“YouareinterestedinEnglish,aren'tyou?”•HeaskedwhetherIwasinterestedinEnglish.•间接引语用连词whether或if引导，原主句中谓语动词said要改为asked(me/him/us等)，语序是陈述句的语序2.一般疑问句:Isiteasytoimprovetheconditionofthesoil?(Theyaskedhim)TheyaskedhimifItiseasytoimprovetheconditionofthesoil.itiseasytoimprovetheconditionofthesoil.askediswasTheyaskedhimifitwaseasytoimprovetheconditionofthesoil.特殊疑问句•Hesaidtome，“What'syourname?”•Heaskedmewhatmynamewas.•Heaskedus,“Howmanycarfactorieshavebeenbuiltinyourcountry?”•Heaskedushowmanycarfactorieshadbeenbuiltinourcountry.•原来的疑问词作为间接引语的连词，主句的谓语动词用ask(sb.)来表达，语序改为陈述句语序3.特殊疑问句：Whendoyouharvestthewheat?(Theyaskedhim)TheyaskedhimWhenyouharvestthewheatyouharvestthewheat.heharvestedTheyaskedhimwhenheharvestedthewheat.选择疑问句•Heasked,“DoyouspeakEnglishorFrench?”•HeaskedmewhetherIspokeEnglishorFrench.•Iasked,“Willyoutakebusortaketrain?”•Iaskedhimwhetherhewouldtakebusortaketrain.•用whether…or…表达，而不用if…or…，也不用either…or…结论一1)直接引语是疑问句，变间接引语时，要从疑问语序变为陈述语序。2)直接引语是一般疑问句,变为间接引语时,用连词if或whether连接。3)直接引语是特殊疑问句,变为间接引语时,仍用原来的疑问词作连词来引导。Heordered/toldmetobequiet!Bequiet!Followme,please!Heaskedmetofollowhim.Don’tmakenoise!Heordered/toldmenottomakenoise.结论三直接引语是祈使句，变成间接引语，根据语气的不同在动词不定前加tell,ask,order等动词。把动词原形变成动词不定式，否定句，在动词不定式前加not或never.肯定句：tell/order/asksbtodo否定句：tell/order/asksbnottodo注意事项1)人称2)时态3)相应的时间地点状语（若当时当地转述，不用变）4)标点符号5)大小写6)问号改为句号7)语序---疑问改陈述8)宾语从句由什么引出9)祈使句要使用动词不定式来引述4.“Whywereyoulateagain?”Theteachersaidtome.TheteacheraskedmewhyIwaslateagain.实战演练1.Hesaid,“ImafraidIcan’tfinishthiswork.”2.Hesaid,“Ihaven’theardfromhimsinceMay.”3.Tomsaid“Iwillseeyounextweek.”Hesaidthathewereafraidhecouldn’tfinishthatwork.Hesaidthathehadn’theardfromhimsinceMay.Tomsaidthathewouldseemethenextweek.Sarahsaidshedidn’tlikeswimming.5.“Idon’tlikeswimming,”saidSarah.GrammarStudyTrytochangedirectspeechintoindirectspeech:Hesaidthattheearthgoesaroundthesun.Hesaidthatthetrainleavesat7:30p.m.HesaidthatRomeisn’tbuiltinaday.TomsaidhewasborninJuly,1978.1.Hesaid,“theearthgoesaroundthesun.”2.Hesaid,“Thetrainleavesat7:30p.m.”3.Hesaid,“Romeisn’tbuiltinaday.”4.Tomsaid,“IwasborninJuly,1978.”GrammarStudyWhendirectspeechisabout:a)atruth真理b)atimetable时间表c)asaying/proverb/quotation格言/引用语d)Anadverbialindicatingthepast过去的时间状语1.Theteachersaid，“Don’tbelate，Mary.”Theteachertold____.A.MarynottobelateB.MarytobenotlateC.MaryarenotlateD.nottobelate2.Heaskedher，“Whereareyougoing?”Heaskedher____.A.wheresheweregoingB.whereshewasgoingtoC.whereshewasgoingD.wheresheisgoing巩固提高3.Theladysaid，“Ishallcometoworkontime.”Theladysaidthat____.A.IwouldgotoworkontimeB.shewouldgotoworkontimeC.shewouldcometoworkontimeD.hewouldgotoworkontime4.Hesaidtome，“Iwrotetomyfatheryesterday.”Hetoldmehehadwrittentohisfather____.A.theyesterdayB.beforetodayC.thedaybeforeD.thenextday5.Theteacherasked，“Areyouwaitingforthebus?”Theteacherasked____forthebus.A.ifIwaswaitingB.w