生理学名词中英文对照第一章绪论1.机体的内环境(internalenvironment)2.稳态(homeostasis)3.反射(reflex)4.反射弧(reflexarc)5.旁分泌调节(paracrineregulation)6.自身调节(autoregulation)7.负反馈(negativefeedback)8.正反馈(positivefeedback)9.前馈(feed-forward)第二章细胞的基本功能10.被动转运(passivetransport)11.单纯扩散(simplediffusion)12.经载体易化扩散(facilitateddiffusionviacarrier)13.经通道易化扩散(facilitateddiffusionviaionchannel)14.电压门控通道(voltagegatedionchannel)15.离子通道(ionchannel)16.化学门控通道(chemicallygatedionchannel)17.机械门控通道(mechanicallygatedionchannel)18.原发性主动转运(primaryactivetransport)19.继发性主动转运(secondaryactivetransport)20.同向转运(symport)21.反向转运(antiport)22.出胞(exocytosis)23.入胞(endocytosis)24.跨膜信号转导(transmembranesignaltransduction)25.刺激(stimulation)26.兴奋(excitation)27.兴奋性(excitability)28.阈值(threshold)29.极化(polarization)30.去极化(depolarization)31.超极化(hyperpolarization)32.复极化(repolarization)33.内向电流(inwardcurrent)34.外向电流(outwardcurrent)35.电化学驱动力(electrochemicaldrivingforce)36.静息电位(restingpotential)37.K+平衡电位(K+equilibriumpotential)38.动作电位(actionpotential)39.超射(overshoot)40.“全或无”现象(“allornone”phenomenon)41.阈电位(thresholdpotential)42.局部电位(localpotential)43.时间性总和(temporalsummation)44.空间性总和(spatialsummation)45.量子释放(quantalrelease)46.兴奋-收缩耦联(excitation-contractioncoupling)47.等长收缩(isometriccontraction)48.等张收缩(isotoniccontraction)49.前负荷(preload)50.后负荷(afterload)51.肌肉收缩能力(contractility)52.不完全强直收缩(incompletetetauns)53.完全强直收缩(completetetanus)54.运动单位(motorunit)第三章血液55.血细胞比容(hematocrit)56.血浆渗透压(plasmaosmoticpressure)57.血浆晶体渗透压(plasmacrystalosmoticpressure)58.血浆胶体渗透压(plasmacolloidosmoticpressure)59.悬浮稳定性(suspensionstability)60.红细胞沉降率(erythrocytesedimentationrate)61.红细胞渗透脆性(osmoticfragility)62.血小板黏附(plateletadhesion)63.血小板聚集(plateletaggregation)64.生理性止血(hemostasis)65.出血时间(bleedingtime)66.凝血时间(clottingtime)67.血液凝固(bloodcoagulation)68.血清(serum)69.凝血因子(clottingfactor)70.内源性凝血途径(intrinsicpathway)71.外源性凝血途径(extrinsicpathway)72.纤维蛋白溶解(fibrinolysis)73.血型(bloodgroup)74.红细胞凝集(agglutination)75.凝集原(agglutinogen)76.凝集素(agglutinin)77.交叉配血试验(corss-matchtest)第四章血液循环78.心动周期(cardiaccycle)79.等容收缩期(periodofisovolumiccontraction)80.等容舒张期(periodofisovolumicrelaxation)81.每搏输出量(strokevolume)82.射血分数(ejectionfraction)83.心输出量(cardiacoutput)84心指数(cardiacindex)85.异长调节(heterometricregulation)86.心室功能曲线(ventricularfunctioncurve)87.心肌收缩能力(myocardialcontractility)88.等长调节(homometricregulation)89.快反应细胞(fastresponsecell)90.慢反应细胞(slowresponsecell)91.期前收缩(prematuresystole)92.代偿间歇(compensatorypause)93.自动节律性(autorhythmicity)94.正常起搏点(normalpacemaker)95.潜在起搏点(latentpacemaker)96.异位起搏点(ectopicpacemaker)97.房室延搁(atrioventriculardelay)98.膜反应曲线(membraneresponsivenesscurve)99.钙触发钙释放(calcium-inducedCa2+release)100.外周阻力(peripheralresistance)101.动脉血压(arterialbloodpressure)102.收缩压(systolicpressure)103.舒张压(diastolicpressure)104.平均动脉压(meanarterialpressure)105.中心静脉压(centralvenouspressure)106.微循环(microcirculation)107.压力感受性反射(baroreceptorreflex)第五章呼吸108.肺通气(pulmonaryventilation)109.肺换气(gasexchangeinlungs)110.呼吸运动(respiratorymovement)111.弹性阻力(elasticresistance)112.顺应性(compliance)113.肺的静态顺应性(staticcompliance)114.比顺应性(specificcompliance)115.肺表面活性物质(pulmonarysurfactant)116.气道阻力(airwayresistance)117.潮气量(tidalvolume)118.余气量(residualvolume)119.功能余气量(functionalresidualcapacity)120.肺活量(vitalcapacity)121.用力肺活量(forcedvitalcapacity)122.用力呼气量(forcedexpiratoryvolume)123.肺通气量(pulmonaryventilation)124.解剖无效腔(anatomicaldeadspace)125.肺泡无效腔(alveolardeadspace)126.肺泡通气量(alveolarventilation)127.通气/血流比值(ventilation/perfusionratio)128.血氧容量(oxygencapacity)129.血氧含量(oxygencontent)130.血氧饱和度(oxygensaturation)131.氧解离曲线(oxygendissociationcurve)132.肺牵张反射(pulmonarystretchreflex)第六章消化与吸收133.消化(digestion)134.机械性消化(mechanicaldigestion)135.化学性消化(chemicaldigestion)136.吸收(absorption)137.慢波(slowwave)138.胃肠激素(gastrointestinalhormone)139.脑-肠肽(braingutpeptide)140.黏液-碳酸氢盐屏障(mucusbicarbonatebarrier)141.胃黏膜屏障(gastricmucosalbarrier)142.容受性舒张(receptiverelaxation)143.紧张性收缩(toniccontraction)144.胃的排空(gastricemptying)145.肠-胃反射(entero-gastricreflex)146.分节运动(segmentationcontraction)147.胆盐的肠-肝循环(enterohepaticcirculationofbilesalt)第七章能量代谢与体温148.能量代谢(energymetabolism)149.食物的热价(thermalequivalentoffood)150.氧热价(thermalequivalentofoxygen)151.呼吸商(respiratoryquotient)152.基础代谢率(basalmetabolicrate)153.体温(bodytemperature)154.温热性发汗(thermalsweating)155.精神性发汗(mentalsweating156.热敏神经元(warm-sensitiveneuron)157.冷敏神经元(cold-sensitiveneuron)第八章尿的生成和排出158.管-球反馈(tubuloglomerularfeedback)159.肾小球滤过率(glomerularfiltrationrate)160.滤过分数(filtrationfraction)161.有效滤过压(effectivefiltrationpressure)162.肾糖阈(renalthresholdforglucose)163.葡萄糖吸收极限量(transfermaximumofglucose)164.渗透性利尿(osmoticdiuresis)165.球-管平衡(glomerulotubularbalance)166.水利尿(waterdiuresis)167.清除率(clearance)第九章感觉器官的功能168.感受器(receptor)169.感觉器官(senseorgan)170.适宜刺激(adequatestimulus)171.换能作用(transducerfunction)172.瞳孔对光反射(pupillarylightreflex)173.互感性对光反射(consensuallightreflex)174.瞳孔近反射(nearreflexofthepupil)175.视敏度(visualacuity)176.暗适应(darkadaptation)177.明适应(lightadaptation)178.视野(visualfield)179.听阈(hearingthreshold)180.耳蜗内电位(endocochlearpotential)181.耳蜗微音器电位(cochlearmicrophonicpotential)182.眼球震颤(nystagmu