Sampa-Chinese

1SAMPA-CLabelingConventionforStandardChinese①Table1.Consonants②PinyinIPASAMPA-CPinyinIPASAMPA-CbppztstsppHp_hctsHts_hmmmsssfffzht©ts`dttcht©Hts_h`ttHt_hsh©s`nnnr¸z`(a)nn_njt»ts\lllqt»Hts\_hgkkx»s\kkHk_h??hxxngÐNTable2.VowelPinyinIPASAMPA-Ca§Aoooe°7iiiuuuüyy(zh)iŸi`(z)i¡i\erÄ@`①OriginallyfromPhoneticsLab,InstituteofLinguistics,CASS;revisedjointlybySpeechLab,CS,THU.Allrightsreserved.Apr.21,2000.Revised(latest),July10,2000.②Consonant–辅音；Vowel–元音；IPA(InternationalPhonemeAlphabet)–国际音标。2Table3.PhonologicalConsonant③PhonemePhonemePinyinIPAAllophoneSAMPA-CPinyinIPAAllophoneSAMPA-CbpppztststsppHpHp_hctsHtsHts_hmmmmssssffffzht©t©ts`dtttcht©Ht©Hts`_httHtHt_hsh©©s`nnnnr¸¸z`(a)nnn_njt»t»ts\llllqt»Ht»Hts\_hgkkkx»»s\kkHkHk_hhxxxngÐÐNTable4.PhonologicalVowelPhonemePhonemePinyinIPAAllophoneSAMPA-CPinyinIPAAllophoneSAMPA-CaaiiAa_II§AijjQEŸi`aAP{iï¡i\ooUUUUuuuuwwooÈ@uuƲv\°7yyeeüYáHEE_rerÄÄ@`e°È@③Phoneme–音位；Allophone–音位变体。3Table5.Initials④MethodofArticulatoryPlaceofArticulatoryPinyinIPASAMPA-CExamples唇音Labialbppba,bi,bu,bai,…唇齿音Labiodental舌尖音Dentalveolardttde,da,di,du,…卷舌音Retroflex舌面音Dorsal塞音Stops软腭音Velargkkge,gu,ga,唇音LabialppHp_hpo,pa,pu,pang,…唇齿音Labiodental舌尖音DentalveolarttHt_h卷舌音Retroflex舌面音Dorsal塞送气AspiratedStops软腭音VelarkkHk_hke,ku,kong,kankun,…唇音Labial唇齿音Labiodental舌尖音Dentalveolarztstszi,zu,zou,za,…卷舌音Retroflexzht©ts`zhi,zha,zhang,…舌面音Dorsaljt»ts\ji,jv,jiang,…塞擦音Affricates软腭音Velar唇音Labial唇齿音Labiodental舌尖音DentalveolarctsHts_hci,ca,cong,…卷舌音Retroflexcht©Hts`_hzhi,chu,cha,chou,…舌面音Dorsalqt»Hts\_h塞擦送气AspiratedAffricates软腭音Velar唇音Labialmmmma,mi,mo,men,…唇齿音Labiodental舌尖音Dentalveolarnnnna,ni,nu,neng,…卷舌音Retroflex舌面音Dorsal鼻音Nasals软腭音Velar唇音Labial唇齿音Labiodentalffffa,fu,fou,fang,…舌尖音Dentalveolarssssi,su,sa,song,…sh©s`shu,sha,shan,…卷舌音Retroflexr¸z`ri,ru,re,ruan,…舌面音Dorsalx»s\xi,xia,xiang,…擦音Fricatives软腭音Velarhxxha,he,hu,hun,…唇音Labial唇齿音Labiodental舌尖音Dentalveolarlllla,li,lu,lang,…卷舌音Retroflex舌面音Dorsal边音Laterals软腭音Velar④Initial–汉语声母；Final–汉语韵母。Inaddition,ifthereisnoinitialinapinyin,wecallitazero-initial(零声母).4Table6.FinalsArticulatoryMethodofthefirstvowelPinyinIPASAMPA-CExamplesaAa_ba,a,ooopo,bo,fo,…e°7e,ke,ge,he,…aiaIaIai,sai,shai,…eieieifei,hei,…erÄ@`erao§UAUao,hao,kao,…ouÈu@Uou,hou,fou,…anana_nan,fan,kan,san,…enÈn@_nen,ang§ÐANang,pang,bang,…engÈÐ@Nbeng,peng,feng,…i1(zi)¡i\zi,ci,si开Openi2(zhi)Ÿi`zhi,chi,shiiiiyi,bi,ji,xi,…iaiAia_ya,qia,xia,…ieiEiE_rye,qie,jie,pie,…iaoi§UiAUyao,qiao,xiao,…iouiÈui@UianiQniE_nyan,qian,xian,…inini_nyin,jin,qin,xin,…iangi§ÐiANyang,xiang,qiang,…ingiÐiNying,xing,qing,…齐StretchediongiUÐiUNyong,xiong,qiong,…uuuwu,fu,gu,hu,….uauAua_wa,kua,hua,…uououowo,huo,guo,duo,…uaiuaIuaIwai,kuai,…uiueiueiwei,gui,…uanuanua_nwan,duan,suan,…uenuÈnu@_nwen,tun…uangu§ÐuANwang,huang,chuang,...onguÐUNhong,gong,dong,…合RounduenguÈÐu@Nweng,…üyyyu,xu,…üeyEyE_ryue,que,xue,…üanyPny{_nyuan,xuan,quan,…撮Protrudedünyny_nyun,…5Table7.RetroflexedFinals⑤ArticulatoryMethodoftheFirstVowelPinyinIPASAMPA-CExamplesarara`parororo`morer°r7`gerairara`baireirÈr@`leiraor§orAo`daorourourou`gouranrara`ganrenrÈr@`genrangra!!‹ra~`gangr开OpenengrÈ!‹r@~`dengririÈri@`jir(zh)iiÈri@`zhir,shir(z)iiÈri@`ziriariaria`iarieriEriE_r`jierinriÈri@`jinriaori§oriAo`jiaoriouriouriou`qiurianriaria`jianriangria!!‹ria~`liangringriÈ!‹ri@~`ingr齐Stretchediongriu!‹riu~`xiongrururu`guruaruru`guaruanuarua`tuanruairuarua`guairueiruÈru@`gueiruenruÈru@`lunruoruoruo`uoruangrua!!‹rua~`kuangruengruÈ!‹ru@`uengr合Roundungru!‹ru~`kongrüryÈry@`yurünryÈry@`qunrüeryEryE_r`yuer撮Protrudedüanryarya`yuanr⑤Retroflexedfinal–儿化韵母。6Table8.SoundChangesExamplesClassficationsSAMPA-CinIPAinSAMPA-CExplanation鼻化Nasalized~a‹§~'§'isnasalized.央化Centeralized_eƒe_'e'iscenteralized.清化Voiceless_un%n_u'n'isvoiceless.浊化Voiced_vdŒd_v'd'isvoiced.圆唇化MoreRounded_Owff_O'f'ismorerounded.成音节Syllabic=1mm='M'issyllabic.喉化PharyngealizedØ_?\t/A_?\'A'ispharyngealized.送气Aspirated_hpHp_h‘p’isaspirated.增音Inserted(+)(N+)'N'isinserted.减音Deleted(-)(i-)'i'isdeleted.Table9.TonesandSilencesNamesIPASAMPA-CExamplesSilence⑥silVoicedsilencesil_vNeutralTone_0ba0(吧)Tone1_1ba1(巴)Tone2_2ba2(拔)Tone3_3ba3(把)Tone4_4ba4(罢)Table10.SpontaneousPhenomenonLabels⑦LabelsPhenomenaStartPositionEndPosition拖音lengtheninglengleng喘息breathingbreathbreath笑声laughinglaughlaugh哭声cryingcrycry咳嗽coughingcoughcough间断disfluencydisfldisfl噪音noisenoisenoise沉默silence(long)silensilen含混音murmur/uncertainmummum语气词modal/exclamationmodmod咂嘴音smacksmacksmack其他语言non-Chinesenocn不确定音段Uncertainsegment/?⑥NormalsilenceintheIPAsequence,differentfromthatinTable10whichisaLONGsilence.⑦WillbetranscribedinadifferentlevelfromtheIPAlevel.7Appendix:ChangingRuleofPinyinTableofFinalsaoeaieiaoouanenangengongiiaieiaoiouianiniangingionguuauouaiueiuanuenuanguengü⑧üeüanünChangingruleswhenaninitialandafinaliscombinedintoPinyinstring:(1)ForRow/i/,iftheinitialisanzero-initial,thepinyiniswrittenas/yi/,/ya/,/ye/,/yao/,/you/,/yan/,/yin/,/yang/,/ying/,and/yong/;otherwise,simplycombinetheinitialandthefinaltogether.(2)ForRow/u/,iftheinitialisanzero-initial,thepinyiniswrittenas/wu/,/wa/,/wo/,/