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一：作家作品1.SherwoodAnderson:Winesburg,Ohio(小镇畸人，1919)TheTriumphoftheEgg(鸡蛋的胜利，1921)2.JohnSteinbeck:TheGrapesofWrath(愤怒的葡萄，1939，strongsociologicalnovel,1940年获普利策奖（PulitzerPrize)),1962年获诺贝尔文学奖①theforemostnovelistoftheAmericanDepression.美国大萧条时期最杰出的小说家。②代表作：“OfMiceandMen”《人鼠之间》portrayedthetragicfriendshipbetweentwomigrantworkers“TheGrapesofWrath”《愤怒的葡萄》regardedasmasterpiece,showedthemigrationoftheOkiesfromtheDustBowlstoCalifornia,amigrationthatendedinbrokendreamsandmiserybutatthesametimeaffirmedtheabilityofthecommonpeopletoendureandprevail.Theme:strengthcomesfromunityi-we;faithinlife;struggletolivebetter2.JohnDosPassos:约翰多斯帕索斯HistrilogyU.S.A(美利坚)---The42ndParallel(北纬42度，1930),1919(1932),TheBigMoney(1936),ThreeSoldiers。三个士兵。Experimentalwritingskills(实验性写作技巧)3.F.ScottFitzgerald:hebeganasaspokesmanforthejazzageandbecameitssymbol.爵士年代的代言人ThisSideofParadise(1920),TalesoftheJazzAge(爵士时代的故事,1922,①作品：“ThisSideofParadise”《人间天堂》，thefirstnovel.“TheGreatGatsby”《了不起的盖茨比》JayGatzDaisy.TomBuchanan.novel.theme:thehollownessoftheupperclass;themeaningofthepast.desireinevitablyinviteddisappointment,forthegapbetweenactualityandpossibilitywasonlyrarelybridgeinhisworld.“TenderIstheNight”《夜色温柔》novel②第二本小说的开展过程：dream梦想→Daisyself-centered理想化的淑女，自我为中心→disenchantment,disillusion魔法消失，(因阶级差异)梦想破灭→senseoffailureanddespair(light)失败和绝望Ash灰(象征)→forest树木，西部开发，树木变成灰了③limitedpointofview有限视角→suspense悬念+mystery神秘真实性→reliable可信的，不偏，不评价4.ErnestHemingway:AFarewelltoArms(1929,救护车司机和一个英国护士之间的悲剧爱情),TheSunAlsoRises(1926,反法西斯小说，歌颂兄弟般的友谊),ForWhomtheBellTolls(1940),TheOldManandtheSea(1952),硬汉形象(toughguyimage),冰山原则风格(theicebergprinciple),生活态度：压力下的风度，失败者的尊严graceunderpressure.5.WilliamFaulkner:TheSoundandtheFury(喧哗与骚动,1929),Benjy:amoaning,speechlessidiot.Quentin,Tason.Absalom,Absalom(押沙龙，押沙龙),1950年获诺贝尔文学奖(NobelPrizeinLiterature)，意识流(streamofconsciousness)、世系小说(Yoknapatawphacountry)LightinAugust,JoeChristmas.6.KatherineAnnePorter:ShipofFools(愚人船,1962，讽刺纳粹主义Nazism兴起)7.CarsonMcCullers:TheMemberoftheWedding(1946--1950),人类精神的孤寂8.EudoraWelty:TheOptimist’sDaughter(1972,PulitzerPrize)9.AGoodisHardtoFind(1955),南方哥特式风格EzraPound:TheCantos(1925),美国现代诗歌之父①Imagism意象派的代表人物。PoundandEliotbecametheearlyleadersinrestoringtopoetrytheuseofliteraryreferenceasanimaginativeinstrument.庞德和爱略特都是运用意象主义作为文学表现手法的早期诗人。②majorworkofpoetryisthelongpoemcalled“TheCantos”11.RobertFrost:NewHampshire(1923)对人类悲剧的恐惧，对复杂人生的态度，对生活负担的坦然罗伯特.弗洛斯特自然主义诗人poet①诗歌特点和内容：(1)rejectedtherevolutionarypoeticprinciplesofhiscontemporaries,choosinginstead“theold-fashionedwaytobenew.”HeemployedtheplainspeechofruralNewEnglandersandpreferredtheshort,traditionalformsoflyricandnarrative.(2)Hesawnatureasastorehouseofanalogyandsymbol.(3)Hisconcernwithnaturereflecteddeepmoraluncertainties,andhispoetry,forallitsapparentsimplicity,oftenprobesmysteriesofdarknessandirrationalityinthebleakandchaoticlandscapesofanindifferentuniversewheremenstandalone,unaidedandperplexed.②hebecomeanationalbard美国民族诗人的翘首,winfourPulitzerPrizes获得了四次普利兹奖.③“TheRoadNotTaken”、“StoppingbyWoodsonaSnowyEvening”向往大自然，想逃避社会；死亡、迷惑10.LangstonHughes:NewNegroRenaissance哈林文艺复兴运动(HarlemRenaissance)中的重要作家和思想家，颂扬黑人生活11.RichardWright:TheOutsider(1953)CrossDamon,Nativeson(1940),BiggerThomas.BlackBoy(1945)autobiographic.12.EugeneO’Neil:4次普利策，一次诺贝尔。BeyondtheHorizon(1920),在天边外，表现主义，美国的莎翁(WilliamShakespeare)GeorgeBernardShaw.萧伯纳ThreegreatestplaywrightsinEnglishlanguagetheatre.Desireundertheelms,榆树下的欲望。TheIcemanCometh.送冰的人来了。LongDay’sJourneyintoNight.进入黑夜的漫长旅程,代表作。JamesTyroneSr.hiswife,Mary.13.JosephHeller:Catch-22(1961)第二十二条军规。Non-chronologicalstyle.self-contradictory.Whatisrighttodoinabasicmoral,social,prisoner’sdilemma.14.KurtVonnegut:Slaughterhouse-Five(1969)第五号屠宰场BillyPilgrim.15.ThomasRugglesPynchon托马斯·鲁格斯·品钦Gravity’sRainbow万有引力之虹。Fourparts:beyondthezero,unperm’saucasinoHermanngoering,inthezone,thecounterforce.16.J.D.Salinger:TheCatherintheRye麦田的守望者。HoldenCaulfield,16,Phoebe妹妹。Majorthemeofalienationasaformofself-protection,thepainfulnessofgrowingupandthephoninessoftheadultworld.17.AllenGinsberg:Howl嚎叫。Threesections.金斯伯格被奉为“垮掉的一代”之父，18.Saulbellow:TheVictim(1947)Theadventuresofaugiemarch(1953)Herzog(1964)Humboldt’sGift.洪堡的礼物,诺贝尔奖和普利策奖。Seizetheday.19.ToniMorrison:SongofSolomon(1977),NativeSon.InvisibleMan.milestone.TheBluestEye(1970).Beloved1987,宠儿Setheisaproudandnoblewoman.Magicrealism20.AliceWalker:TheColorPurple(1982,普利策奖),女权主义,黑人女性主义者womanism。Thecolorpurple.HeroineisCelie,Nettieissister.Shug.theme:Africanwomen’sgrowthagainstthebackdropofsocialandfamilialoppression.21.AmyTan:TheJoyLuckClub(1989)喜福会mother-daughterrelationship.jin-meianhhermothersuyuanwoo.22.ArthurMiller:DeathofaSalesman(1949)推销员之死WillyLoman主角。Biff大儿子。ALLMySons.Thecrucible.afterthefall.Pulitzerprizefordrama.二：术语1.TheBeatGeneration(垮掉的一代):TheBeatGenerationappliedtocertainAmericanartistsandwriterswhowerepopularduringthe1950s.Essentiallyanarchic,membersofthebeatgenerationrejectedtraditionalsocialandartisticforms.Thebeatssoughtimmediateexpressioninmultiple,intenseexperiencesandbeatificilluminationlikethatofsomeEaster