英语单词变形规则汇总.ppt

变形规则可数名词的复数形式可数名词才有复数形式不可数名词主要是抽象名词和物质名词，做主语时谓语用单数集体名词没复数形式但做主语时谓语通常用复数statesman,mouse,mosquito,monkey,passer-by,watch,button,brochure,universitystatesmen,mice,mosquitoes,monkeys,passers-by,watches,buttons,brochures,universities1.一般在词尾加-smap-maps,bridge-bridges2.以-s,-x,-sh,-ch结尾的加-esglass-glasses,brush-brushes3.以o结尾的有生命的名词后加-eshero-heroes,potato-potatoes以o结尾的无生命的名词以及-oo结尾的词后加-spiano--pianos,zoo--zoos4.以辅音加y结尾的词变y为i加es;以元音加y结尾的词直接加sfactory-factories;boy-boys5.以-f或-fe结尾的词，把-f,-fe改为V,再加-eswolf-wolves,leaf-leaves有的以-f,-fe结尾的词，可以直接加-sbelief-beliefs,roof--roofs不规则变化1.bacterium-bacteria;medium-media;criterion-criteriaphenomenon-phenomena2.businessman-businessmenpoliceman-policemenpostman-postmensalesman-salesmenspokesman-spokesmenstatesman-statesmen3.goose-geese;tooth-teeth;foot-feet4.mouse-mice;ox-oxen;child-childrendeer-deer;fish-fish;sheep-sheep5.means-means;analysis-analysesstamach-stamachsleaf-leaves;knife-kniveslife-lives;shelf-shelvesthief-thieves;wolf-wolves动词的单三变写出下列动词的单数第三人称形式1.swim2.draw3.make4.run5.carry6.leave7.arrive8.watch9.clean10.stay写出下列动词的单数第三人称形式1.swims2.draws3.makes4.runs5.carries6.leaves7.arrives8.watches9.cleans10.stays动词的第三人称单数规则当主语是第三人称（she、he、it）或名词时，谓语动词要用单数形式。一般情况下动词的第三人称单数形式都是直接加s动词单数形式：1、动词以ch、sh、o、s、x结尾时，单数形式要加es2、动词以元音字母+y结尾时，在y后直接加s；动词以辅音字母+y结尾时，把y变成i再加es3、be动词的现在时包括am、is、are。第三人称单数要用is；have的第三人称单数是has动词的-ed形式写出下列单词的过去式和过去分词1.flow2.stick3.bite4.identify5.receive6.aim7.limit8.yell9.ban10.admit1.flow-flowed-flowed2.stick-stuck-stuck3.bite-bit-bitten4.identify-identified-identified5.receive-received-received6.aim-aimed-aimed7.limit-limited-limited8.yell-yelled-yelled9.ban-banned-banned10.admit-admitted-admitted规则动词的过去分词与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。1一般动词，在词尾直接加“ed”work---workedvisit---visited2以“e”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“d”live---lived3以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词，将“y”变为“i”，再加“ed”study---studied---studied4重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写该辅音字母，再加“ed”stop---stopped动词的-ing形式写出下列单词的-ing形式violatewindswallowscanreferquarrelbreathebeginwriteforgivetietry写出下列单词的-ing形式violatingwindingswallowingscanningreferringquarrel(l)ingbreathingbeginningwritingforgivingtyingtrying1.一般在动词末尾直接加ing2.以不发音字母e结尾的动词，先去掉e,再加ing如：have---having3.以重读闭音节结尾的动词，中间只有一个d短元音字母，词尾只有一个辅音字母,应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing如：runningbeginningjoggingsittinggetting4.以ie结尾的动词，把ie变成y再加ing，如：lie---lyingdie---dying形容词,副词的比较级和最高级写出下列形容词的比较级和最高级badcleanfamousdirtybigillheavylittlehappyfarexpensivewellsloweasywidecarefullyearlythinmuchclever写出下列形容词的比较级和最高级bad/ill-worse-theworstclean-cleaner-thecleanestfamous-morefamous-themostfamousdirty-dirtier-thedirtiestbig-bigger-thebiggestheavy-heavier-theheaviestlittle-less-theleasthappy-happier-thehappiestfar-farther/further-thefarthest/furthestexpensive-moreexpensive-themostexpensivewell-better-bestslow-slower-theslowesteasy-easier--theeasiestwide-wider-thewidestcarefully-morecarefully-mostcarefullyearly--earlier-earliestthin--thinner-thethinnestmuch--more-themostclever-cleverer-thecleverest1.单音节词在词尾加-er构成比较级，加-est构成最高级如：hard-harder-thehardest2.以不发音的e结尾的单音节词直接加-er或-est，如：late-later-thelatest3.以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为I加er或est:如:easy---easier---theeasiest4.以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词双写最后一个辅音字母再加er或est:如:big---bigger---thebiggest5.多音节词前加more或most,副词最高级前省略the.如:important---moreimportant---themostimportant6.以-ly结尾的副词，除early外，其他均使用more/most构成比较级和最高级early-earlier-earliestwarm-morewarmly-mostwarmlypatiently-morepatiently-mostpatiently不规则变化good/well---better---thebest好bad/badly/ill---worse---theworst坏many/much---more---themost多little---less---theleast少old---older/elder---theoldest/theeldest老,旧far---farther/further---thefarthest/thefurthest远请写出下列形容词的副词形式exactcompletepersonalprobableeasyfrequentfullautomatic形容词变副词1.直接+lyquiet—quietlydifferent—differentlyconfident—confidentlybeautiful—beautifullycareful—carefullyrecent—recently2.以-le结尾的形容词去e+lyterrible—terriblypossible—possiblycomfortable—comfortablygentle—gentlysimple—simplyreasonable—reasonablyprobable—probablyincredible—incredibly其它以e结尾的形容词直接+lywise—wiselynice—nicelypolite—politelyfortunate—fortunatelyclose—closelyimmediate—immediatelywide—widelytrue—trulywhole—whollyfull—fullydull—dully注意以下形容词变副词的拼写3.以辅音+y结尾的，变y为i+lyhappy—happilyeasy—easilyangry—angrilymerry—merrilyheavy—heavilynoisy—noisilyhealthy—healthilylucky—luckily4.以ic结尾的+allyenergetic—energeticallyautomatic—automaticallyscientific—scientificallyeconomic—economicallybasic—basicallypublic—publicly（例外）注意以ly结尾的形容词friendlylovelylivelyelderlylonelymonthly\weekly\yearlybrotherly\fatherly\motherlydeadlymanly\womanlydailysilly5.形容词与副词同形fast—fastearly—earlyhard—hardlate—latefar—faralone—alonelittle--little6.有两个副词形式的词high—high\highlydeep—deep\deeplywide—wide\widelyhard—hard\hardlyloud—loud\loudlyclose—close\closelylate—late\latelyfree--免费地freely--随便不拘束地hard--努力地、猛烈地hardly--几乎不just--恰好、仅仅、不久前justly--公正地late--迟lately--最新地、最近地