孔子英文介绍(课堂PPT)

1AGreateducator&ThinkerConfucius&ConfucianismWinstonSun2Confucius(bornKongQiu,styledZhongNi)wasborninthevillageofZouinthecountryofLuin551B.C.,apoordescendantofadeposednoblefamily.Asachild,heheldmake-believetemplerituals;asayoungadult,hequicklyearnedareputationforfairness,politenessandloveoflearning,andhewasreputedtobequitetall.Hetraveledextensivelyandstudiedattheimperialcapital,Zhou,whereheissaidtohavemetandspokewithLaoZi,thefounderofDaoism.3孔子(名秋字仲尼),鲁国人，出生于551BC35岁，逃往齐国50岁，大政司司长56岁，离开齐国67岁，回到鲁国72岁，逝世4EducatorThinkerStatesmanPhilosopherFounderoftheConfucianschoolandConfucianismSymbolofChineseculture52020/12/265education6EducationHeestablishedfirstprivateschoolinChinaandacceptedthestudentsfromeverywhere.Subjects:Manners,Music,Literature,Riding,ArcheryandMathematics(礼，乐，射，御，书，数）Hehave3000students.Amongthem,72becamefamousscholars.WinstonSun7HisPhilosophyofEducation•Educationtarget:•thefirstpersontoopenaprivateschooltocommonpeople•Coursecontent:morality,properspeech,government,therefinedarts•Pedagogical[pedə'gɔdʒikəl]methods:Heposesquestions,orusesaptanalogies,andwaitsforhisstudentstoarriveattherightanswers.•Educationgoal:tocreatesuperiormen8HisPhilosophyofEducation•有教无类。•Inteachingpeople,thereisnodiscrimination(ofclass,type,etc.)•学而不厌，诲人不倦。•Learningwithoutsatiety,instructingotherswithoutbeingwearied.•三人行,必有我师焉：择其善者而从之,其不善者而改之。•Whenthreemenarewalkingtogether,thereisonewhocanbemyteacher.Ipickoutpeople’sgoodandfollowit.WhenIseetheirbadpoints,Icorrecttheminmyself.9HisPhilosophyofEducation•温故而知新,可以为师矣。•Reviewingwhatyouhavelearnedandlearninganew,youarefittobeateacher.•学而不思则罔,思而不学则殆。•Learningwithoutthinkingleadstoconfusion;thinkingwithoutlearningendsindanger.•知之者不如好之者，好之者不如乐之者。•Topreferitisbetterthanonlytoknowit.Todelightinitisbetterthanmerelytopreferit.10HisPhilosophyofEducation•子贡问曰：“孔文子何以谓之‘文’也？”子曰：“敏而好学，不耻下问，是以谓之‘文’也。”•ZiGongasked:“WhywasKongWenZicalled‘Wen’?”Confuciusreplied:“Hewasquickanddevotedtolearning,andnotashamedtoaskedthosebelowhim.Thatiswhyheiscalled‘Wen’”.•知之为知之,不知为不知,是知也。•Whatyouknow,youknow,whatyoudon‘tknow,youdon’tknow.Thisisknowledge.11HisPhilosophyofEducation•不愤不启,不悱不发。举一隅不以三隅反,则不复也。•Ifastudentisnoteager,Iwon’tteachhim;ifheisnotstrugglingwiththetruth,Iwon'trevealittohim.IfIliftuponecornerandhecan’tcomebackwiththeotherthree,Iwon’tdoitagain.•诗，可以兴，可以观，可以群，可以怨。•AnaptquotationfromBookofPoetrycanstimulatetheimagination,endowonewithbreeding,enableonetoliveinacommunity,andgiveexpressiontogrievances.12孔子\孔子杰出弟子英文.ppt13Confucius&ConfucianismAlsonamedasMasterKongHumanity（仁）Righteousness(义)Ritual（礼）Knowledge（智）integrity（信）Loyalty（忠）Filialpiety（孝）Top10keythinkersintheworld（1984）aboutConfucius14GOLDENRULEWinstonSun15Mainarticle:Ren（Humanity）(aconceptcentraltoConfucianism)Loveofpeople︰One’sparentsThepeopleEverythingintheworld(universallove)16仁义礼智信不学礼无以立Don'tlearnritualindescribablemade身修而后家齐Thepersonsbeingcultivated,thefamilieswereregulated.家齐而后国治Thefamiliesbeingregulated,theStateswererightlygoverned.国治而后天下平TheStatesbeingrightlygoverned,theentireworldwasatpeace.17Li(礼)•Lihastwomeanings:•Propriety:asetofmannersorknowledgeofhowtobehaveinagivensituation.•Ritual:whenlifeisdetailedtoConfuciuslengthsitbecomescompletelyordered.18Li(礼)•不学礼，无以立。•Ifyoudon’tlearnliyouwillhavenostructure.•道之以政，齐之以刑，民免而无耻；道之以德，齐之以礼，有耻且格。•Ifyougovernthepeoplelegalisticallyandcontrolthembypunishment,theywillavoidcrime,buthavenopersonalsenseofshame.Ifyougovernthembymeansofvirtueandcontrolthemwithpropriety,theywillgaintheirownsenseofshame,andthuscorrectthemselves.19Confucianism:Canon经典•FourBooks四书•Analects《论语》•Mencius《孟子》•TheGreatLearning《大学》•TheMean《中庸》20己所不欲，勿施于人。Whatyoudonotwantdonetoyourself,donotdotoothers.四海之内皆兄弟也；AllMenAreBrothers.有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎；Isitnotdelightfultohavefriendscomingfromdistantquarters?德不孤，必有邻；Virtueisnotlefttostandalone.Hewhopracticesitwillhaveneighbors.礼之用，和为贵。Themostvaluableuseoftheritesistoachieveharmony.Confucius’ssayings：212.Keepwhatyousayandcarryoutwhatyoudo.3.WhenIwalkalongwithtwoothers,theymayservemeasmyteachers.Iwillselecttheirgoodqualitiesandfollowthem,theirbadqualitiesandavoidthem。三人行，必有我师焉。择其善者而从之，其不善者而改之。1.Bynature,menarenearlyalike;bypractice,theygettobewideapart性相近也，习相远也。2.Keepwhatyousayandcarryoutwhatyoudo.3.WhenIwalkalongwithtwoothers,theymayservemeasmyteachers.Iwillselecttheirgoodqualitiesandfollowthem,theirbadqualitiesandavoidthem。三人行，必有我师焉。择其善者而从之，其不善者而改之。言必信，行必果。Confucianquotes22Confucianquotes1.Bynature,menarenearlyalike;bypractice,theygettobewideapart。性相近也，习相远也。2.Keepwhatyousayandcarryoutwhatyoudo.言必信，行必果。3.WhenIwalkalongwithtwoothers,theymayservemeasmyteachers.Iwillselecttheirgoodqualitiesandfollowthem,theirbadqualitiesandavoidthem。三人行，必有我师焉。择其善者而从之，其不善者而改之。234.Learningwithoutthoughtislaborlost;thoughtwithoutlearningisperilous.学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆。5.Ifamantakenothoughtaboutwhatisdistant,hewillfindsorrownearathand.人无远虑，必有近忧。6.Thosewhosecoursesaredifferentcannotlayplansforoneanother.道不同，不相为谋。24TheMastersaid,Tolearnandthendo,isnotthatapleasure?Whenfriendscomefromafardowenotrejoice?Toliveunknownand