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Chapter11.Earliestsettlers---Celts2.55B.C.TO407A.D.---RomanEmpire(Londonwasfounded)3.演变Celts-Romans–Anglo-Saxon–English4.JuliusCaesar,thefirstgeneralcametoBritish5.500A.D.THEfounderofthekingdomwessex,theCeltsKingArthur.Hisfollowers,whowereknowastheknightsoftheroundtable,fightfortheirkingdomagainsttheASinvaders.6.9thcentury,KingAlfred,thegreatofWessexleadtheASkingstodefeattheinvadersbyunitingtheirforces.7.theNormanConquest1066,DuckofNormandycamefromNormandytoattackEnglandtogetsthelandpromisetobegiventohimforprotectingfromtheDanesinvasionbyEdwardⅡ.AndNormandybeattheHaroldattheHesting.8.TwohighlightinthedevelopmentofASliteratureA.NorthumrianSchool○1thefirstASpoet---CaedmonTheearliestEnglishpoet.AccordingtoBede,hewasanelderlyherdsmanwhoreceivedthepowerofsonginavision.○2VernerableBede,AmonkwriteinLainTheEcclesiasticalHistoryoftheEnglishPeopleFatherofEnglishHistoryB.thereignofAlfredContribution○1translateanumberofLatinbooksintoWestSaxondialect○2TheAnglo-SaxonChronicle○3createdastyleofAnglo-SaxonProse9.Alongepicpoetry长篇叙事诗BeowulfA.theearliestheroicpoetryB.themostsignificantpoetryC.existedinoralformasearlyasthe6thcenturyD.BeowulfisamixtureofpaganismandChristianelements10.DifferencebetweenOldEngpoetry,laterpoetryistechnicalstructure11.TherearetwopoeticfeaturesofOldEnglishpoetry:alliterationandkenning.Chapter21.流行Romance主要写Knights2.DukeWilliamofNormandy.TheNormanConquestin1066acceleratedthedevelopmentoffeudalism封建主义inENG3.CategoriesofRomances:ThematterofErance,thematterofRome,thematterofBritain4.MiddleENG:A.wordsthatarerelatedwithenjoymentandpleasureareusuallyoftheFrenchoriginB.manyinflectionalformofwordsweredroppedC.formalgrammarsimplified5.MedievalRomance(SubjectMatters)A.matterofFrench(CharlemagnetheGreat,Roland,ChansondeRoland)B.matterofRome(AlexandertheGreat,ThesiegeofTroy)C.BritaintheArthurianLegendBySirGawain,Launcelot,Marlin,thequestforHolyGrail,theDeathofKingArthur.Chapter3AgeofChaucer1.TheHundreds’YearsWarisanawakeningofnationalConsciousnessinENG,theFrenchheroineJoanofArc贞德2.GeoffreyChaucer(BuriedinthePoets’ConnerinWestminsterAbbey)A.FatherofEngpoetryB.TheworkofGeoffreyChaucer○1influencedbyFrenchliteratureTheBookoftheDuchess○2influencedbyBoccaccioTraviusandCryseyde○3TheCanterburyTales坎特伯雷故事集Thegeneralprologue总序isthebestpartofit.3.thesignificancesofTheCanterburyTalesA.GivesacomprehensivepictureofChaucer’stimeB.Thedramaticstructureofthepoemhasbeenhighlycommended高度赞赏bycriticsC.GeoffreyChaucer’shumorD.Chaucer’scontributiontoENGlanguageE.PerhapsthegreatestworkinMiddleEnglish4.JohnWycliffA.fatherofENGproseB.oneofthefirstfigureswhodemandedtoreformchurchC.theonetranslateBibleintostandardENG5.WilliamLanglandSirGawainGreenKnightsTheVisionofPiersPlowmanChapter41.maineventsA.ThewaroftheRose,thethirtyYearsWar(thehouseofLancaster/Red,thehouseofYork)B.ThediscoveryofAmericanandthenewsearoutesC.Reformationofchurch.HenryⅧfoundtheAnglicanChurch,breakawayfromthechurchofRome.2.Ballad:anarrativepoemthattellsastory3.CharactersofBalladsA.thebeginningisoftenabruptB.havestrongdramaticelementsC.thestoryistoldthroughdialogueandactionD.thethemeisoftentragicE.themeter格律isused(containsfour-linestanzas,theoddnumberedline奇数fourfeet,theevennumberedline偶数threefeet.Rhymesfallontheevennumberedlines.)4.BalladsA.RobinHoodAlegendaryherolivingduringthereignofRichardtheLionHeated金雀花王朝B.TheDeathofKingArthurBySirThomasMalloryprefectthekingArthur5.EarlyENGPlays(the14th)developedinto(mysteryPlays神秘剧，miracleplays奇迹剧)6.Theflourishingofdramathereason:nootherentertainment,bothrichandpoorcangotothereChapter5英国文学史上三次高潮15thENGRenaissance—19th上Romantic—19th下Victoria1.TheBackgroundQueenElizabeth,defeattheSpanishArmada无敌舰队,mightynavalpower强有力的海军.2.Humanism人文主义Rebirth(文艺复兴的时代精神)HumanismRenaissanceisaFrenchwordwhichmeans“rebirth”inENG3.人文主义的解释及价值观AccordingtotheHumanistscholarsitwasagainsthumannatureto○1sacrificethehappinessofthelifeforanafterlife.Theyarguedthat○2manshouldbegivenfullfreedomtoenrichtheirintellectualandemotionallife.Inreligiontheydemandedthereformationofthechurch,Inartandliteration,insteadofhappinessinhislife.Humanismshatteredtheshacklesofspiritualbondageofman’smindbytheRomancatholicchurchandopenedhiseyesto“abravenewworld”infrontofhim.4.EdmundSpenserTheFaerieQueen5.TheUniversityWitsA.RobertGreeneB.ThomasKydTheSpanishTragedyC.ChristopherMarloweThetragicHistoryofDoctorFaustusTheblankVerse无韵诗Unrhymediambicpentameter6.WilliamShakespeareA.发展○1Earlyyearsofhisapprenticeship学徒期○2Growthanddevelopment○3gloomanddepression○4restoredserenityB.achievement○1representedthetrendofhistoryingivingwritetothedesiresandaspirationofpeople○2S’humanism:Hehadfirmbeliefinthemobilityofhumannatureandinthepoweroflove○3S’characterization,S’charactersareround丰满的而非flatter扁平○4originality○5asagreatpoetinsonnets○6masteroftheEnglanguage7.FourTragedy:Hamlet,Othello,KingLear,TheTragedyofMacbeth8.Sonnets(Italy/Petrarch’s—thefirstone,S’s)A.definitionAshortsongintheoriginalmeaningofthewordbecomeapoetof14lines.Usuallyiniambicpentameter抑扬格五音步withvariousrhymingsc