德国简介(英文综合版)

GermanyGERMANYFullname:TheFederalRepublicofGermanyCapitalcity:BerlinGovernment:theparliamentaryrepublic(议会共和制)Population:82,110,000Themainreligion:Christianity(_基督教),Protestant（新教）,RomanCatholic(天主教)Landarea:357,022squarekilometersNationalDay:October3rdAverageGDP:$39,710GermanyistraversedbysomeofEurope‘smajorriverssuchastheRhine(莱茵河)andDanube（多瑙河）.ThankstoitscentralsituationGermanyhasmoreneighborsthananyotherEuropeancountry;theseareDenmark(丹麦)inthenorth,Poland(波兰)andtheCzechRepublic(捷克共和国)intheeast,Austria奥地利andSwitzer(瑞士)landinthesouth,FranceandLuxembourg卢(森堡)inthesouth-westandBelgium(比利时)andtheNetherlands(荷兰)inthenorth-west.GEOGRAPHYGermanyconsistsof16stateswhilethecapitalandlargestcityisBerlin.Germanycoversanareaof357,022km2andhasalargelytemperateseasonalclimate.With82.1millioninhabitants,itisthemostpopulousmemberstateandthelargesteconomyintheEuropeanUnion.ItisoneofthemajorpoliticalpowersoftheEuropeancontinentandatechnologicalleaderinmanyfields.FLAGBlack:therigorous、solemn(严谨、肃穆);red:theburningflame,arousepeople'svisionofenthusiasm;gold:thelightoftruthEMBLEM(国徽)Yellowshield(盾牌)background;Blackeagle;Redbeak(鹰喙)andclaws.HISTORICALFIGURES名人贝多芬LudwigvanBeethoven(1770–1827)wasaGermancomposerandpianist.爱因斯坦AlbertEinstein，(1879–1955)wasaGerman-borntheoreticalphysicistwhodevelopedthetheoryofgeneralrelativity,effectingarevolutioninphysics.歌德JohannWolfgangvonGoethe(1749–1832)wasaGermanwriter,pictorialartist,biologist,theoreticalphysicist,andpolymath.黑格尔GeorgWilhelmFriedrichHegel(1770–1831)wasaGermanphilosopher,oneofthecreatorsofGermanIdealism.马克思KarlHeinrichMarx(1818–1883)wasaGermanphilosopher,sociologist,economichistorian,journalist,andrevolutionarysocialistwhodevelopedthesocio-politicaltheoryofMarxism.俾斯麦OttoVonBismarck(1815–1898)IronChancellorOttovonBismarck,wasaPrussian-GermanstatesmanwhounifiedGermany,madeitamajorplayerinworldaffairs,andcreatedabalanceofpowerthatkeptEuropeatpeaceafter.BERLIN柏林Berlin-Germany'scapital,isoneoftheworldfamousmetropolis;andalsomostpopulartouristattraction.Existingpopulationofnearly3.4million.BerlinasGermany'sleadingindustrialcity,themainindustrialsectorsareelectronics,machinerymanufacturing,chemicals,printing,textileandfoodprocessing.Berlinisaninternationaltransporthub.April5,1994,BerlinandBeijingbecamesistercities.HAMBURG汉堡Hamburg-Germany'slargestportcity,Germany'ssecondlargestcity.Hamburgpopulationofabout1.9million.NorthGermanregionofHamburgisthemostimportanttransporthub,WesternEuropeisalsoleadingtoScandinavia,EasternEurope,abridge,Air,seatransportaredeveloped.Hamburgistheworld'slargesttradingcentersandonedistributioncenter,nearly3,000foreigncompanies,manyindustrialenterprisesdirectlyengagedinimportandexportbusiness.Manyworld-famoustradegroupwithheadquartersinHamburg.HamburgisGermany'sthirdlargesttouristcity.MUNICH慕尼黑Munich-Germany'sthirdlargestcity,Populationofabout1.3million,Itisawell-knownGermanandEuropeantouristcity,ItisthemostmagnificentpalaceinthesouthernGermanculturalcenter,morethan800yearsofhistory.Munichisrichinbeer,drinkvolumeintheworld,sopeopleusuallyreferredtoMunichasthebeercapital.FRANKFURT法兰克福Frankfurt-locatedinthemiddleofGermany,Germany'scommercialandmanufacturingcenterAndmajorinternationalfinancialcity.Populationofabout590,000,Wherefinancialinstitutions,includingtheGermanFederalBank,thenation'smajorstockexchangesandtheonlyGoldExchangeandsoon.Internationaltradeaccountsforanimportantposition.Industriesincludemachinery,chemicals,pharmaceuticals,printing,leatherandfoodprocessing.Surfaceandairtransportationiswelldeveloped.FrankfurtisGermany'smajorculturalcenter.POLITICS政治Germanyisafederal,parliamentary,representativedemocraticrepublic.HeadofState(President)isafigure,norealpower,headsofgovernment(primeminister)tomasterthereallyright.thepresidentialatermoffive-year,thePrimeMinisteratermoffouryears.CurrentPrimeMinisterAngelaDorotheaMerkel,isGermany'sfirstwomanprimeminister.ECONOMIC经济概况EconomyRank4th(nominal)/5th(PPP)CurrencyEuro(EUR)FiscalyearcalendaryearTradeorganisationsEU,WTO(viaEUmembership)andOECDGDP$3.306trillion,€2.5trillion(2010)GDPgrowth3.6%(2010)GDPbysectoragriculture:0.8%;industry:27.9%;services:71,3%(2010est.)Inflation(CPI)1.3%(October2010)Unemployment7.5%(August2010)Exports€1.146trillion(2010)Exportgoodsmachinery,vehicles,chemicals,metalsandmanufactures,foodstuffs,textilesMainexportpartnersFrance10.2%,U.S.6.7%,Netherlands6.7%,U.K.6.6%,Italy6.3%,Austria6%,China4.5%,Switzerland4.4%(2009est.)Imports€1.020trillion(2010)Importgoodsmachinery,vehicles,chemicals,foodstuffs,textiles,metalsMainimportpartnersNetherlands8.5%,China8.2%,France8.2%,U.S.5.9%,Italy5.9%,U.K.4.9%,Belgium4.3%,Austria4.3%,Switzerland4.2%(2009est.)FDIstock$1.057trillion(31December2010est.)Grossexternaldebt$4.713trillion(30June2010)ForeignreservesUS$233.813billion,€200billion(April2011)Oftheworld's500largeststock-market-listedcompaniesmeasuredbyrevenuein2010,theFortuneGlobal500,37areheadquarteredinGermany.30Germany-basedcompaniesareincludedintheDAX,theGermanstockmarketindex.W