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Unit2CompanyStructureTextABoardofDirectors,ChairmanandCEOAlargebusinessunitthananindividualproprietorshiporapartnershiptendstobeacorporation.Whomakescorporatedecisions?Typically,thedominantpersonwillbethepresidentorthemanagingdirectorofthecorporation,andthisexecutivemaybemadethechairpersonoftheboardofdirectors---who,togetherwithasmallexecutiveorsteeringcommitteeoftheboardofdirectors,willadviseandapprovetheactionsofthepresidentandthemanyvice-presidents.Then,whataretheexactrolesofboardofdirector,chairmanandCEO?一个比个人独资或合伙企业更大的商业单位往往是一个公司。使公司决策?通常,占主导地位的人是总统或公司的总经理,这可使行政董事会主席——人,加上一个小董事会、执行或指导委员会将建议和批准的行动总统和副总统。那么，董事会、董事长和首席执行官的具体角色是什么呢?BoardofDirectorsAboardofdirectorsisabodyofelectedorappointedpersonswhojointlyoverseetheactivitiesofacompanyororganization.Thebodysometimeshasadifferentname,suchasboardoftrustees,boardofgovernors,boardofmanagers,orexecutiveboard.Itisoftensimplyreferredtoas“theboard.”Aboard’sactivitiesaredeterminedbythepowers,duties,andresponsibilitiesdelegatedtoitorconferredonitbyanauthorityoutsideitself.Thesemattersaretypicallydetailedintheorganization’sbylaws.Thebylawscommonlyalsospecifythenumberofmembersoftheboard,howtheyaretobechosen,andwhentheyaretomeet.Inanorganizationwithvotingmembers,e.g.,aprofessionalsociety,theboardactsonbehalfof,andissubordinateto,theorganization’sfullassembly,whichusuallychoosesthemembersoftheboard.Inastockcorporation,theboardiselectedbythestockholdersandisthehighestauthorityinthemanagementofthecorporation.Inanonstickcorporationwithnogeneralvotingmembership,e.g.,auniversity,theboardisthesupremegoverningbodyoftheinstitution.Thelegalresponsibilitiesofboardsandboardmembersvarywiththenatureoftheorganization,andwiththejurisdictionwithin董事会是由选举或任命的人员组成，他们共同监督公司或组织的活动。该机构有时有不同的名称，如董事会、理事会、理事会或执行董事会。它通常被简单地称为“董事会”。董事会的活动是由外部的权力、职责和职责所决定的。这些事项通常在组织的章程中详细说明。细则通常也规定了董事会成员的数目，如何选择他们，以及他们何时会面。在有投票成员的组织中，例如专业协会，董事会代表并服从于组织的全体大会，而全体大会通常选择董事会成员。在股份公司中，董事会由股东选举产生，是公司管理的最高权力机构。在一个没有投票权的非棍棒公司，如大学，董事会是该机构的最高管理机构。董事会和董事会成员的法律责任因组织的性质和其所处的管辖权而异。对于上市公司来说，这些责任通常比其他类型的公司要严格和复杂得多。通常情况下，董事会会选择其中一名成员担任董事会主席或主席，通常也称为董事长或主席。whichitoperates.Forpubliccorporations,theseresponsibilitiesaretypicallymuchmorerigorousandcomplexthanforthoseofothertypes.Typicallytheboardchoosesoneofitsmemberstobethechairorchairpersonoftheboardofdirectors,traditionallyalsocalledchairmanorchairwoman.ChairmanThechairmanisthehighestofficerofanorganizedgroupsuchasaboard,committee,ordeliberativeassembly.Achairleadstheboardofdirectors,presidesovermeetings,andleadstheboardtoconsensusfromthedisparatepointsofviewifitsmembers.Thechairisthepresidingdirectorovertheotherdirectorsontheboardandisexpectedtobefair,agoodlistener,andagoodcommunicator.Directorshaveahighleveloffiduciaryresponsibilityforoverseeingtheoperationofacorporation.TheCEOistheheadofthemanagementcommitteeandusuallyreportstotheboard,whichisheadedbythechair.主席是有组织的团体的最高官员，如董事会、委员会或审议大会。主席领导董事会，主持会议，并带领董事会从不同的观点达成一致，如果其成员。主席是董事会中其他董事的首席董事，他应该是公正的，一个好的倾听者，一个好的沟通者。董事对监督公司运作负有高度的信托责任。首席执行官是管理委员会的负责人，通常会向董事会汇报，董事会由主席领导。ChairoftheBoard---TypesandTheirRelationtotheCompanyManagementInthecaseofcompaniesandsimilarly-organizedbodies,therearegenerallytwotypesofChair:Non-executiveandExecutive.Non-executiveChairofBoard:·Apart-timeofficeholderwhositsonandchairsthemainboardofacompany.·ProvidessupportandadvicetoaCEO.·Thispositionusuallyentailsfulfillingasimilarfunctiononanumberofadditionalboardcommittees,aswellasbeingapoliticalfigureheadofthecompany.ExecutiveChairofBoard:·Afull-timeofficeholderwhotypicallyleadstheboardandalsotakesahands-onroleinthecompany’sday-to-daymanagement.·HelptheCEOtooverseealltheoperationalaspectsinvolvedinrunningthecompany,whichincludeprojectplanninganddevelopment,delivery,retailandleasing,sales,在公司和组织相似的机构中，通常有两种类型的主席:非执行董事和高管。非执行董事会主席:•兼职办公室职员，担任公司董事会主席。•为CEO提供支持和建议。•这个职位通常需要在一些额外的董事会上履行类似的职能，同时也是公司的政治领导人。执行董事会主席:•全职员工，通常领导董事会，并在公司的日常管理中发挥实际作用。•帮助首席执行官监督公司运营中涉及的所有运营方面，包括项目规划和开发、交付、零售和租赁、销售、市场研究和其他广泛领域。marketresearchandmanyotherareaswithintheirextensivescope.·Haveoverallresponsibilityforthecompanywhichinvolvesengineeringandcontrollingthecompany’scurrentgrowthinandfutureexpansionintointernationalmarkets.·Inaddition,overseesallprojects’developmentactivitiesandrelatedbusinessesofthecompany,generatingsignificantfinancialreturnsfortheshareholdersanddrivingsustainabledevelopment.Thechairmanoftensetsthestyleofleadershipoftheboardwhichinturnfiltersdownthroughtheorganization.Inpubliccompanies,theroleofthechairmanoftheboardisdistinctfromthatofthecompany’sCEOormanagingdirector.Thispointhasmorerecentlybeenbroughtintofocusaftercorporategovernanceshortcomingswereobservedincompanieswherethetworolesarecombined.ItisbelievedthattheseparationoffunctionswithintheboardofdirectorsorinthestructureofthesupervisoryboardandmanagementboardwouldfacilitatecontrolovertheworkingsofthecompanyandincreasetheaccountabilityoftheCEOorchairofthemanagementboard.•对涉及到工程和控制公司当前增长的公司和未来扩展到国际市场的公司有全面的责任。•另外，监管公司所有项目的开发活动及相关业务，为股东创造可观的财务回报，推动可持续发展。董事长经常设定董事会的领导风格，而这种风格反过来又会在整个组织中被过滤掉。在上市公司，董事会主席的角色与公司的首席执行官或总