20202021学年高考数学考点第一章集合与常用逻辑用语集合理

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1集合1.集合与元素(1)集合中元素的三个特征:确定性、互异性、无序性.(2)元素与集合的关系是属于或不属于,用符号∈或∉表示.(3)集合的表示法:列举法、描述法、图示法.(4)常见数集的记法集合自然数集正整数集整数集有理数集实数集符号NN*(或N+)ZQR2.集合的基本关系(1)子集:若对于任意的x∈A都有x∈B,则A⊆B;(2)真子集:若A⊆B,且A≠B,则AB;(3)相等:若A⊆B,且B⊆A,则A=B;(4)∅是任何集合的子集,是任何非空集合的真子集.3.集合的基本运算表示运算文字语言集合语言图形语言记法交集属于A且属于B的所有元素组成的集合{x|x∈A,且x∈B}A∩B并集属于A或属于B的元素组成的集合{x|x∈A,或x∈B}A∪B补集全集U中不属于A的元素组成的集合称为集合A相对于集合U的补集{x|x∈U,x∉A}∁UA概念方法微思考1.若一个集合A有n个元素,则集合A有几个子集,几个真子集.提示2n,2n-1.2.从A∩B=A,A∪B=A中可以分别得到集合A,B有什么关系?提示A∩B=A⇔A⊆B,A∪B=A⇔B⊆A.1.(2020•新课标Ⅲ)已知集合{(,)|Axyx,*yN,}yx…,{(,)|8}Bxyxy,则AB中2元素的个数为()A.2B.3C.4D.6【答案】C【解析】集合{(,)|Axyx,*yN,}yx…,{(,)|8}Bxyxy,{(ABx,*)|,}{(1,7)8,yxyxyNxy…,(2,6),(3,5),(4,4)}.AB中元素的个数为4.故选C.2.(2020•新课标Ⅲ)已知集合{1A,2,3,5,7,11},{|315}Bxx,则AB中元素的个数为()A.2B.3C.4D.5【答案】B【解析】集合{1A,2,3,5,7,11},{|315)Bxx,{5AB,7,11},AB中元素的个数为3.故选B.3.(2020•新课标Ⅱ)已知集合{|||3Axx,}xZ,{|||1Bxx,}xZ,则(AB)A.B.{3,2,2,3}C.{2,0,2}D.{2,2}【答案】D【解析】集合{|||3Axx,}{|33xZxx,}{2xZ,1,0,1,2},{|||1Bxx,}{|1xZxx或1x,}xZ,{2AB,2}.故选D.4.(2020•新课标Ⅰ)已知集合2{|340}Axxx,{4B,1,3,5},则(AB)A.{4,1}B.{1,5}C.{3,5}D.{1,3}【答案】D【解析】集合2{|340}(1,4)Axxx,{4B,1,3,5},3则{1AB,3},故选D.5.(2020•山东)设集合{|13}Axx剟,{|24}Bxx,则(AB)A.{|23}xx„B.{|23}xx剟C.{|14}xx„D.{|14}xx【答案】C【解析】集合{|13}Axx剟,{|24}Bxx,{|14}ABxx„.故选C.6.(2020•浙江)已知集合{|14}Pxx,{|23}Qxx,则(PQ)A.{|12}xx„B.{|23}xxC.{|34}xx„D.{|14}xx【答案】B【解析】集合{|14}Pxx,{|23}Qxx,则{|23}PQxx.故选B.7.(2020•海南)某中学的学生积极参加体育锻炼,其中有96%的学生喜欢足球或游泳,60%的学生喜欢足球,82%的学生喜欢游泳,则该中学既喜欢足球又喜欢游泳的学生数占该校学生总数的比例是()A.62%B.56%C.46%D.42%【答案】C【解析】设只喜欢足球的百分比为x,只喜欢游泳的百分比为y,两个项目都喜欢的百分比为z,由题意,可得60xz,96xyz,82yz,解得46z.该中学既喜欢足球又喜欢游泳的学生数占该校学生总数的比例是46%.故选C.8.(2020•海南)设集合{2A,3,5,7},{1B,2,3,5,8},则(AB)4A.{1,3,5,7}B.{2,3}C.{2,3,5}D.{1,2,3,5,7,8}【答案】C【解析】因为集合A,B的公共元素为:2,3,5故{2AB,3,5}.故选C.9.(2020•天津)设全集{3U,2,1,0,1,2,3},集合{1A,0,1,2},{3B,0,2,3},则()(UABð)A.{3,3}B.{0,2}C.{1,1}D.{3,2,1,1,3}【答案】C【解析】全集{3U,2,1,0,1,2,3},集合{1A,0,1,2},{3B,0,2,3},则{2UBð,1,1},(){1UABð,1},故选C.10.(2020•北京)已知集合{1A,0,1,2},{|03}Bxx,则(AB)A.{1,0,1}B.{0,1}C.{1,1,2}D.{1,2}【答案】D【解析】集合{1A,0,1,2},{|03}Bxx,则{1AB,2},故选D.11.(2020•新课标Ⅰ)设集合2{|40}Axx„,{|20}Bxxa„,且{|21}ABxx剟,则(a)A.4B.2C.2D.4【答案】B【解析】集合2{|40}{|22}Axxxx剟?,1{|20}{|}2Bxxaxxa剟,由{|21}ABxx剟,可得112a,则2a.故选B.12.(2020•新课标Ⅱ)已知集合{2U,1,0,1,2,3},{1A,0,1},{1B,2},则()(UABð5)A.{2,3}B.{2,2,3}C.{2,1,0,3}D.{2,1,0,2,3}【答案】A【解析】集合{2U,1,0,1,2,3},{1A,0,1},{1B,2},则{1AB,0,1,2},则(){2UABð,3},故选A.13.(2019•全国)设集合2{|20}Pxx,{1Q,2,3,4},则PQ的非空子集的个数为()A.8B.7C.4D.3【答案】B【解析】{|2,2}Pxxx或;{2PQ,3,4};PQ的非空子集的个数为:1233337CCC个.故选B.14.(2019•天津)设集合{1A,1,2,3,5},{2B,3,4},{|13}CxRx„,则()(ACB)A.{2}B.{2,3}C.{1,2,3}D.{1,2,3,4}【答案】D【解析】设集合{1A,1,2,3,5},{|13}CxRx„,则{1AC,2},{2B,3,4},(){1ACB,2}{2,3,4}{1,2,3,4};故选D.15.(2019•浙江)已知全集{1U,0,1,2,3},集合{0A,1,2},{1B,0,1},则()(UABð)6A.{1}B.{0,1}C.{1,2,3}D.{1,0,1,3}【答案】A【解析】{1UAð,3},()UABð{1,3}{1,0,}l{1}故选A.16.(2019•新课标Ⅲ)已知集合{1A,0,1,2},2{|1}Bxx„,则(AB)A.{1,0,1}B.{0,1}C.{1,1}D.{0,1,2}【答案】A【解析】因为{1A,0,1,2},2{|1}{|11}Bxxxx剟?,所以{1AB,0,1},故选A.17.(2019•新课标Ⅱ)已知集合{|1}Axx,{|2}Bxx,则(AB)A.(1,)B.(,2)C.(1,2)D.【答案】C【解析】由{|1}Axx,{|2}Bxx,得{|1}{|2}(1,2)ABxxxx.故选C.18.(2019•新课标Ⅱ)设集合2{|560}Axxx,{|10}Bxx,则(AB)A.(,1)B.(2,1)C.(3,1)D.(3,)【答案】A【解析】根据题意,2{|560}{|3Axxxxx或2}x,{|10}{|1}Bxxxx,7则{|1}(,1)ABxx;故选A.19.(2019•新课标Ⅰ)已知集合{1U,2,3,4,5,6,7},{2A,3,4,5},{2B,3,6,7},则(UBAð)A.{1,6}B.{1,7}C.{6,7}D.{1,6,7}【答案】C【解析】{1U,2,3,4,5,6,7},{2A,3,4,5},{2B,3,6,7},{1UCA,6,7},则{6UBAð,7}故选C.20.(2019•北京)已知集合{|12}Axx,{|1}Bxx,则(AB)A.(1,1)B.(1,2)C.(1,)D.(1,)【答案】C【解析】{|12}Axx,{|1}Bxx,{|12}{|1}(1,)ABxxxx.故选C.21.(2019•新课标Ⅰ)已知集合{|42}Mxx,2{|60}Nxxx,则(MN)A.{|43}xxB.{|42}xxC.{|22}xxD.{|23}xx【答案】C【解析】{|42}Mxx,2{|60}{|23}Nxxxxx,{|22}MNxx.故选C.22.(2018•全国)已知全集{1U,2,3,4,5,6},{1A,2,6},{2B,4,5},则()(UABð)A.{4,5}B.{1,2,3,4,5,6}C.{2,4,5}D.{3,4,5}8【答案】A【解析】由全集{1U,2,3,4,5,6},{1A,2,6},得{3UAð,4,5},{2B,4,5},则(){3UABð,4,5}{2,4,5}{4,5}.故选A.23.(2018•新课标Ⅱ)已知集合22{(,)|3Axyxy„,xZ,}yZ,则A中元素的个数为()A.9B.8C.5D.4【答案】A【解析】当1x时,22y„,得1y,0,1,当0x时,23y„,得1y,0,1,当1x时,22y„,得1y,0,1,即集合A中元素有9个,故选A.24.(2018•天津)设集合{1A,2,3,4},{1B,0,2,3},{|12}CxRx„,则()(ABC)A.{1,1}B.{0,1}C.{1,0,1}D.{2,3,4}【答案】C【解析】{1A,2,3,4},{1B,0,2,3},(){1AB,2,3,4}{1,0,2,3}{1,0,1,2,3,4},又{|12}CxRx„,(){1ABC,0,1}.故选C.25.(2018•天津)设全集为R,集合{|02}Axx,{|1}Bxx…,则()(RABð)A.{|01}xx„B.{|01}xxC.{|12}xx„D.{|02}xx【答案】B【解析】{|02}Axx,{|1}Bxx…,9{|1}RBxxð,(){|01}RABxxð.故选B.26.(2018•新课标Ⅰ)已知集合{0A,2},{2B,1,0,1,2},则(AB)A.{0,2}B.{1,2}C.{0}D.{2,1,0,1,2}【答案】A【解析】集合{0A,2},{2B,1,0,1,2},则{0AB,2}.故选A.27.(2018•新课标Ⅱ)已知集合{1A,3,5,7},{2B,3,4,5},则(AB)A.{3}B.{5}C.{3,5}D.{1,2,3,4,5,7}【答案】C【解析】集合{1A,3,5,7},{2B,3,4,5},{3AB,5}.故选C.28.(2018•新课标Ⅰ)已知集合2{|20}Axxx,则(RAð)A.{|12}xxB.{|12}xx剟C.{|1}{|2}xxxxD.{|1}{|2}xxxx剠【答案】B【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