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英语论文开题报告范文functionandapplicationofdescriptivetranslationstudies1introductiontheintentionofthisstudyistoexplorepossibleadvantagesofdescriptivetranslationstudiesasinitsapplicationintranslationpracticeandtranslationanalysis.sinceearly20thcentury,translationstudiesgraduallybrokeawayfromthemarginalstatuswithinotherrelateddisciplinesandestablisheditselfasanempiricalscience.fromthenon,schoolsofthoughthavekeptcomingoutandeachclaimsitslegitimacyforexistence.amongtheseschoolsisdescriptivetranslationstudies(dts).dtsapproachestranslationfromanempiricalperspective.translationisviewedtobeasocialactivityhavingsignificantimportanceinthereceivingcultureandforthetargetcommunity.therefore,translationisdealtwithbeyondthelinguisticrealizationandlanguagecomparison,andisincorporatedinsocialandculturalcontext.myattentionwasfirstdirectedtodtsbyitspeculiarcharacteristicofobservation,descriptionandexplanation.thesubjectiswhateverhappensintranslationpractice,fromthedeterminationofprospectivefunctionoftranslationtotheprocessoftranslator’schoiceofstrategies,brainstormingandtherevision,tothefinalproductmakingappearanceinthetargetcommunity.themethodofdtsisbasicallydescriptive.theprescriptivetendencyandtheproblem-solutionpatternisabandoned.translationphenomenaarenoteddown.withaccumulateddata,someunderlyingtruthsabouttranslationwillcomeoutwhichwillprovetobeinstructivenotonlyfortheoreticalprobebutalsoforappliedtranslationpractice.iwillapplythisdescriptivemethodinthecasestudyofthisthesis.aconvenienttoolhasbeensetuptoconductdts.“norm”isoperativeateverystageofdescriptionandexplanation.function,processandproductandtheirrelationshipaswellareskeletalstructureofwhatconstitutedescriptivestudies.translationphenomenaareaccountedforwiththehelpofnorm.thecasetakeninthisthesisisthechineseclassicthedreamofredmansions.twoenglishversionstranslatedrespectivelybyyanghsien-yianddavidhawksarecomparedandobservationsaremadeinregardtotheirtranslationapproaches.inthisregard,myobservationsarelimitedtoseveralaspects,ihopein-depthobservationandexplanationwilldoneinlightofdts.2outline2.1developmentandmajorconceptsofdtsinthispartiwilldescribeholms’basicmapofdtsandtherelationshipbetweenfunction,processandproduct.iwillalsodiscusssomeimportantconceptssuchaspseudo-translation,multipletranslation,translationese,normetc.2.2methodolgyiwillinthispartdiscussthemethodologyofdtsbeforeiapplythesametothecasestudyinthisthesiswithemphasistobeplacedonsemioticapproachandtheconceptnorm.2.3dtsincontrasttoothertheoriesacontraststudywillbeconductedherewiththeobjectivetofindthedifferenceofdtsfromothertheoriessuchasequivalencetheoryandthechinesexindayacriteria.someadvantagewillpossiblybeshowninthisstudy.2.4casestudyinthispart,translationofthedreamofredmansions(alsotranslatedasthestoryofthestone)willbeunderinvestigationinlightofdts.translationsamplestobequotedherewillbeselectedatrandom.2.5conclusionbasedontheaboveelaborationofdtsandthecasestudy,possibleconclusionwillbeontheadvantageofdtsinspecificstudyoftranslation.suggestionsonfurtherresearcheffortswillbemadealso.(note:whilethetopicwillremainthesame,theabovearrangementofcontentsissubjecttochangeintheprocessofwriting.)0000附录2-引文范例(仅供参考)“itisthereforepointlesstotrytomaketcmorescientificthanissensibleinviewofitscomplexsubject-matterandavailablemethods.translatingisamental,multi-factorialactivitywhichcannotexhaustivelybeinvestigatedwithinalinguisticframeworkignoringthepersonofthetranslator.”(wilss,1982:217)‘“噢，这就是恐水病吧？你们贵族圈子怎么流行起这种病来啦？真够呛的！费芬斯小姐，您喝点茶大概没关系吧！”’（张南峰，1990：59-60）附录3-参考文献范例(仅供参考)wilss,wolfram.thescienceoftranslation–problemsandmethods.gunternarrverlagtubingen,1982.newmark,peter.atextbookoftranslation.newyork:prenticehall,1988.delabastita,dirk.translatingpuns:afalseoppositionintranslationstudies.target,1991(3:2):137-152.functionandapplicationofdescriptivetranslationstudies1introductiontheintentionofthisstudyistoexplorepossibleadvantagesofdescriptivetranslationstudiesasinitsapplicationintranslationpracticeandtranslationanalysis.sinceearly20thcentury,translationstudiesgraduallybrokeawayfromthemarginalstatuswithinotherrelateddisciplinesandestablisheditselfasanempiricalscience.fromthenon,schoolsofthoughthavekeptcomingoutandeachclaimsitslegitimacyforexistence.amongtheseschoolsisdescriptivetranslationstudies(dts).dtsapproachestranslationfromanempiricalperspective.translationisviewedtobeasocialactivityhavingsignificantimportanceinthereceivingcultureandforthetargetcommunity.therefore,translationisdealtwithbeyondthelinguisticrealizationandlanguagecomparison,andisincorporatedinsocialandculturalcontext.myattentionwasfirstdirectedtodtsbyitspeculiarcharacteristicofobservation,descriptionandexplanation.thesubjectiswhateverhappensintranslationpractice,fromthedeterminationofprospectivefunctionoftranslationtotheprocessoftranslator’schoiceofstrategies,brainstormingandtherevision,tothefinalproductmakingappearanceinthetargetcommunity.themethodofdtsisbasicallydescriptive.theprescriptivetendencyandtheproblem-solutionpatternisabandoned.translationphenomenaaren