文艺复兴英文PPT

1.PoliticalbackgroundAfterlongyearsofdomesticyearEnglandenjoyaprosperityduringQueenElizabethThedefeatofSpanishEnglishnavalgraduallybecomeamightypower3.CultureBackgroundTheRenaissance,whichbeganinItalyinthe14thcentury,atthattimewesternEuropeancountrieshadakeeninterestintheGreekandLatinWithspreadingoftheGreekandRomanculturethereappearanumberofhumanistAccordingtothemitwasagainsthumannaturetosacrificethehappinessofthislifeforanafterlife.Theyarguedthatmanshouldbegivenfullfreedomtoenrichtheirintellectualandemotionallife2.EconomicalBackgroundDuringtheMiddleAges,EnglandwasanagrariansocietywhichexportedalotofwoolEnglishburghersmadetheirfortuneswasthewooltradeEnglishhadbeenfamousforherwoolonanotherhandthecapitalistclassandlaboringclasscameintobeing3.CultureBackgroundneartheendofthe15thcenturythatItalianinfluencecametobeimportant,anditwasnotuntiltheaccessionofHenryVIIItothethronein1509thatanotableRenaissancetookplaceinEngland.Humanism人文主义Humanism:Humanismisarationalphilosophyinformedbyscience,inspiredbyart,andmotivatedbycompassion.Affirmingthedignityofeachhumanbeing,itsupportsthemaximizationofindividuallibertyandopportunityconsonantwithsocialandplanetaryresponsibility.Itadvocatestheextensionofparticipatorydemocracyandtheexpansionoftheopensociety,standingforhumanrightsandsocialjustice.Freeofsupernaturalism,itrecognizeshumanbeingsasapartofnatureandholdsthatvalues—betheyreligious,ethical,social,orpolitical—havetheirsourceinhumanexperienceandculture.Humanismthusderivesthegoalsoflifefromhumanneedandinterestratherthanfromtheologicalorideologicalabstractions,andassertsthathumanitymusttakeresponsibilityforitsowndestiny.BriefofshakespareWilliamShakespeare,whowasathinker,writer,dramatist,andpoet.Hewasborninawealthyfamilyin1564.Hehasthestrongculturalbase,buthasnotreadtheuniversity.When18yearsoldmarrieswith26yearoldfemale.Hehadstudyinthegrammarschool,butafterhisfatherbankruptcy,hehadtodropout.At21yearsoldwhowenttoworkintheatreofLondon.Laterhebeganstageacting,andwritingplaysandpoems.1）historicalplay:1590，HenryVI,PartII《亨利六世，中》1590，HenryVI,PartIII《亨利六世，下》1591，HenryVI,PartI《亨利六世，上》1592，RichardIII《查理三世》2）comedy:1592，TheComedyofError《错误的喜剧》1593，TamingoftheShrew《驯悍记》1594，TwoGentlemenofVerona《维洛那二绅士》1594，Love'sLabour’sLost《爱的徒劳》3)tragedy:1593，TitusAndronicus《泰特斯·安德洛尼克斯》1594，RomeoandJuliet《罗密欧与朱丽叶》4)narrativepoems(叙事诗）:1593，VenusandAdonis《维纳斯与阿多尼斯》1594，TheRapeofLucrece《鲁克丽丝受辱记》1)comedy:1595，AMidsummerNight'sDream《仲夏夜之梦》1596，TheMerchantofVenice《威尼斯商人》1598，TheMerryWivesofWindsor《温莎的风流娘儿们》1598，MuchAdoAboutNothing《无事生非》1599，AsYouLikeIt《皆大欢喜》1600，TwelfthNight《第十二夜》2)Historicalplays:1595，RichardII《查理二世》1596，KingJohn《约翰王》1597，HenryIV,PartⅠ《亨利四世，上》1597，HenryIV,PartⅡ《亨利四世，下》1598，HenryV《亨利五世》3)Romantragedy:1599，JuliusCaesar《裘力斯·凯撒》4)Sonnets（十四行诗）1)tragedy:1601，Hamlet《哈姆雷特》1604，Othello《奥赛罗》1605，KingLear《李尔王》1605，Macbeth《麦克白》1607，TimonofAthens《雅典的泰门》2)Comedy:1602，TroilusandCressida《特洛伊罗斯与克瑞西达》1603，All'sWellThatEndsWell《终成眷属》1604，MeasureforMeasure《一报还一报》3)Romantragedy:1606，AntonyandCleopatra《安东尼与克莉奥佩特拉》1607，Coriolanus《克利奥兰纳斯》1)romanticcomedy:1608，Pericles,PrinceofTyre《泰尔亲王佩里克利斯》1609，Cymbeline《辛白林》1610，Winter'sTale《冬天的故事》1611，TheTempest《暴风雨》2)historicalplay:1612，HenryVIII《亨利八世》